The Periodic Table of Elements Flashcards
Characteristics of transition metals
- High density
- Very hard compared to metals in Group1 and Group 2
- Solids with shiny surface
- Have high melting points and low boiling points
- High conductivity
Special properties of transition elements
- Transition elements have more than one oxidation number
- Transition elements form coloured compounds
- Transition elements can form complex ions
- Transition elements function as a catalyst
Uses of transition elements in the industry (Iron)
- Used to build bridges
- Used as a catalyst in the Haber process to optimise the production of ammonia.
Uses of transition elements in the industry (Platinum)
Used as a catalyst in the Otwald process to produce nitric acid.
Uses of transition elements in the industry (Vanadium oxide)
Acts as a catalyst in the Contact process to produce sulphuric acid.
Uses of transition elements in the industry (Nickel)
Acts as a catalyst in the manufacturing of margarine from vegetable oil.
Compound of transition element, Chronium
- Chronium (III) chloride, CrCl3 (+3)
- Potassium dichromate (VI), K2Cr2O7 (+6)
Compound of transition element, Manganese
- Manganese (II) chloride, MnCl2 (+2)
- Manganese (IV) oxide, MnO2 (+4)
- Potassium manganate (VII), KMnO4 (+7)
Compound of transition element, Iron
- Iron (II) sulphate, FeSO4 (+2)
- Iron (III) chloride, FeCl3 (+3)
Compound of transition element, Copper
- Copper (I) oxide, Cu2O (+1)
- Copper (II) oxide, CuO
Coloured compounds of transition elements, Chronium
- Chronium (III) chloride : Green
- Dichromate (VI) ion : Orange
Coloured compounds of transition elements, Manganese
- Manganese (II) ion: Pink
- Manganese (VII) ion: Purple
Coloured compounds of transition element, Iron
- Iron (II) ion: Green
- Iron (III) ion: Brown
Coloured compounds of transition element, Copper
- Copper (II) ion: Blue
Chemical properties of elements of Group 1
- Reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas and alkaline solution
- Reaction with oxygen to produce metal oxide
- React with halogen to produce metal halide
Reactivity of elements of Group 1
- Very reactive as going down the group
- Eletropositivity increases
- Attractive force between the nucleus and the valence electron decreases
Physical properties of elements of Group 1
- Soft metals
- Good conductors of heat and electricity
- The atomic radius increases
- Density increases
- Melting point decreases
Physicsal properties of elements of Period 3
- Atomic radius decreases
- Number of protons and electrons increases, causes electrostatic force to increase
- Electronegativity increases
Chemical properties of oxides of elements across period 3 (basic oxide)
Basic oxide reacts with acid to produce salt and water
Chemical properties of oxides of elements across period 3 (amphoteric oxide)
Amphoteric oxide reacts with both acid and alkaline to produce salt and water
Chemical properties of oxides of elements across period 3 (non-metal oxide)
Non-metal oxide reacts with alkali to produce salt and water
Physical properties of elements of Group 17
- Melting point and boiling point increases
- Molecular size of halogen increases and causes the intermolecular forces of attraction to become stronger.
Chemical properties of elements of Group 17
- React with water to produce acid
- React with iron to form iron (III) halide
- React with alkali to produce two different halide salts and water
Reactivity of elements of Group 17
Reactivity of Group 17 elements decreases:
1. Proton number and electrons in shell increase
2. Valence electrons in the outermost shell become further away from the nucleus
3. Force of attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons become weaker, thus electronegativity of halogen decreases
Physical properties of elements in Group 18
- Boiling point and melting point increases
- Van der Waals forces increase as atomic size increases.
