The Periodic Table Flashcards
Appearance of iron fillings
Grey solid
Appearance of iron fillings with magnets
Moves
Appearance of sulfur
Yellow solid
Appearance of sulfur with magnets
No movement
Appearance of iron and sulfur mixture
Green solid with yellow specs
Appearance of iron and sulfur mixture with magnets
Moves
Appearance of iron (2) sulfide
Black solid
Appearance of iron (2) sulfide with magnets
No movement
what is an element
A substance that consists of only one type of atom
Liquids on the periodic table
Bromine and mercury
Gases on the periodic table (6)
- hydrogen
- nitrogen
- oxygen
- chlorine
- fluorine
- noble gases
What are the other elements other than liquids and gases
Solids at room temperature and pressure
4 physical properties of metals
- good conductors of electricity
- lustrous, have a shiny surface when freshly cut
- high melting points (group 1 metals have low melting points)
- sonorous
4 physical properties of non-metals
- electrical insulators (except graphite)
- are often dull when freshly cut
- brittle
- poor conductors of heat
What is an atom
The smallest part of an element that can exist
What is a compound
A substance consisting of two or more different elements, which are chemically combined
What is a molecule
A particle that consists of two or more atoms covalently bonded together
Describe the layout of mendeleeves periodic table
In order of their increasing mass (elements) numbers but left gaps for undiscovered elements
What was absent from mendeleeves table and why
The noble gases were absent, as they were u discovered becuase they are invisible and totally un reactive
How was the elements arranged in mendeleeves table
The metals and non-metals were separated and were put into groups and periods
How is the modern periodic table arranged
In order of increasing atomic number
What is discovered and added to the modern periodic table
The noble gases
What was separated in the modern periodic table
The transition metals now form a separate block
Is there gaps in the modern periodic table
No
3 groups
- alkali metals
- halogens
- noble gases
What are alkali metals stored under and why
Oil, to stop it reacting with oxygen and water vapour
Why does reactivity increase downwards for alkali metals
The outer shell electron becomes further from the nucleus, there fore there is less attraction, so the electron is lost faster
Why do alkali metals have similar properties
They are all trying to lose 1 electron
Metal + water makes …..
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Observations for lithium reaction (6)
- fizzes as bubbles of gas produced
- floats
- moves on surface
- heat produced
- metal disappears
- colourless solution formed
Observations for sodium reaction (7)
- fizzes as bubbles of gas produced
- floats
- moves on surface
- heat produced
- metal disappears
- colourless solution formed
- silver ball formed
Observations for potassium reaction (8)
- burns with lilac flame
- crackle at the end
- fizzes as bubbles of gas produced
- floats
- moves around
- heat produced
- metal disappears
- colourless solution is formed
Why is rubidium and caesium to dangerous to show
They have explosive reactions
Equation for lithium reaction
2li + 2H20 makes 2LiOH + H2
Equation for sodium reaction
2Na + 2H2O makes 2NaOH + H2
Equation for potassium reaction
2K + 2H20 makes 2KOH + H2
Which alkali metal forms an ion fastest
Francium
Gas elements in the halogens
Chlorine
Fluorine
Liquid of the halogens
Bromine
Solids of the halogens
Iodine
Astatine
How reactive is fluorine compared to astatine and why
Fluorine is much more reactive, this is because the the halogens are trying to gain 1 electron and because astatine’s outer shell is much further from the nucleus is is much harder for it to gain 1 extra electron
What happens when iodine sublimes
A purple vapour is released
Test for chlorine gas and the result
Damp universal indicator paper changes to red then bleaches white
Colour of fluorine
Yellow
Colour of chlorine
Yellow-green
Colour of bromine
Red-brown
Colour of iodine
Grey-black
Colour of astatine
Black
Why do the halogens have similar properties
They are all trying to gain 1 electron
Properties of the noble gases (3)
- colourless
- un reactive
- all have full outer shells
Most commonly used transition metals (3)
- copper
- iron
- silver
Properties of the transition metals (3)
- higher melting points
- less reactive with water
- harder and more dense than group 1 metals
Colour of copper oxide
Black
Colour of copper carbonate
Green
Colour of hydrated copper sulfate
Blue
Colour of copper salts
Usually blue in solution
