Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry - Unit Three > The Periodic Table > Flashcards

The Periodic Table Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What was the first attempt at making a periodic table?

A

Newlands’s Law of Octaves, 1864

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How did Newlands present the elements?

A

In order of atomic mass in rows of seven. He said that each eighth element had similar properties so they were put in columns and became known as Octaves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why was Newlands’s Law of Octaves criticised?

A
  • Some of his octaves contained elements that didn’t have similar properties
  • He mixed up metals and non-metals
  • He didn’t leave any gaps for undiscovered elements so new elements didn’t fit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is Mendeleev’s periodic table similar to Newlands’s?

A

They both arrange the elements in order of atomic mass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many elements were there in Mendeleev’s original periodic table?

A

60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How was Mendeleev’s periodic table different to Newlands’s?

A

Mendeleev left gaps where the groups didn’t work and predicted the properties of those undiscovered elements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was proof that Mendeleev’s periodic table was a success?

A

When new elements were discovered they fitted into the gaps Mendeleev left.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are elements arranged in the modern periodic table?

A

By atomic number.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does group number on the periodic table tell us?

A

How many electrons an atom of that elements has on its outermost energy level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does period number on the periodic table tell us?

A

The amount of energy levels an atom of that element has.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is shielding?

A

When lots of inner electrons get in the way of the nuclear charge between the nucleus and electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What effect does shielding have?

A

The more shielding there is (the more full energy shells an atom has), the easier it is for an atom to lose its outermost electrons as it feels a weaker attraction to the nucleus. It also makes it harder for atoms to gain electrons as the attraction of the nucleus is weaker.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is group one on the periodic table also known as?

A

The alkali metals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the trend with reactivity in the alkali metals?

A

Reactivity goes up the further down the group you go.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the trend of melting points and boiling points in the alkali metals?

A

They decrease down the group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do the alkali metals react with non-metals to form?

A

Ionic compounds. The alkali metal will become a 1+ ion.

17
Q

What are the products of alkali metals reacting with non-metals usually like?

A

White solids that dissolve in water to form colourless solutions.

18
Q

What is the equation for an alkali metal’s reaction with water?

A

Alkali metal + Water -> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

19
Q

Describe how alkali metals react with water.

A

Vigorously - so much so that the elements below Potassium are explosive.

20
Q

Why are the alkali metals named as such?

A

Because when they react with water the hydroxides made will dissolve in the water to make alkaline solutions.

21
Q

What name is given to the group seven elements?

A

The halogens

22
Q

What is Fluorine like at room temperature?

A

A poisonous yellow gas.

23
Q

What is chlorine like at room temperature?

A

A poisonous dense green gas.

24
Q

What is bromine like at room temperature?

A

A dense, poisonous, red-brown volatile liquid.

25
Q

What is iodine like at room temperature?

A

A dark grey crystalline solid or a purple vapour.

26
Q

True or False: Halogens are diatomic.

A

True

27
Q

What is the trend of reactivity in the halogens?

A

Reactivity decreases down the group.

28
Q

What is the trend of melting and boiling points in the halogens?

A

They increase down the group.

29
Q

What is formed when a halogen reacts with a metal?

A

An ionic compound. A halogen becomes a 1- ion.

30
Q

What is displacement?

A

The ability for a more reactive halogen to remove a less reactive halogen from an aqueous of its salt.

31
Q

Where are the transition metals on the periodic table?

A

The middle.

32
Q

What are two typical properties of transition metals?

A
  • Very conductive

* Dense, strong and shiny

33
Q

What are three differences between the transition metals and the alkali metals?

A
  • Transition metals are a lot less reactive than alkali metals
  • Transition metals are denser, stronger and harder than alkali metals
  • Transition metals have much higher melting and boiling points than alkali metals.
34
Q

What are two facts about ions of transition metals?

A
  • Most can make ions of different charges

* Most form different coloured compounds

35
Q

What is a use of the transition metals in industry?

A

Catalysts

Chemistry - Unit Three (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions