The Periodic Table

Question 1

periodic law

Answer 1

states that the chemical properties of the elements are dependent, in a systematic way, upon their atomic numbers

Question 2

periods

Answer 2

rows, their are seven representing the principal quantum numbers n=1 to n=7

Question 3

groups

Answer 3

columns, that represent elements that have the same electronic configuration in their valence and share similar chemical properties.

Question 4

valence electrons

Answer 4

the electrons in the outer most shell, they are involved in chemical bonding and determine the chemical reactivity and properties of an element

Question 5

representative elements

Answer 5

group A elements which have either s or p sublevels as their outermost orbitals

Question 6

non representative elements

Answer 6

including transition elements with have partially filled d sublevels and the others which have f partially

Question 7

noble gases

Answer 7

have a stable octet of electrons

Question 8

atomic radii

Answer 8

the atomic radius of an element is equal to one half the distance between the centers of two atoms of that element that are just touching each other.

it decreases across a period from left to right and increases down a given group.

Question 9

What causes the atomic radius to decrease?

Answer 9

electrons within a shell cannot shield one another from the the attractive pull of protons. therefore since the amount of protons increases from left to right it also increases a greater attractive force onto the valence electrons.

Question 10

ionization energy

Answer 10

is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion. It is an endothermic because it requires a an input of energy. The closer and more tightly bound to the nucleus the harder it is to remove it, it increases from left to right on the ptable

Question 11

Successive ionization

Answer 11

energies grow increasingly large as it takes more energy to remove the closer the electron is to the nucleus.

Question 12

Electron Affinity

Answer 12

the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a gaseous atom, it represents the ease at which an atom can accept an electron.

positive energy release when an electron is added to the atom.

Question 13

Electronegativity

Answer 13

is the measurement of the attraction an atom has for electrons in a chemical bond. the greater the electronegativity of an atom the greater its attraction to bonding electrons. increases from left to right along with ionization energies

Question 14

Different types of elements

Answer 14

metals, non metals, metalloids

Question 15

Groups

Answer 15

alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Halogens, noble gases, transition elements