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SCIENCE YEAR 8 > THE PERIODIC TABLE > Flashcards

THE PERIODIC TABLE Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a substance that contains only one type of atom. It cannot be broken down into other substances.

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2
Q

How many naturally occurring elements are there?

A

There are 98 naturally occurring elements.

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3
Q

How many elements does a smartphone typically contain?

A

A smartphone contains around 60 of these elements.

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4
Q

What is a chemical symbol?

A

A chemical symbol is a one- or two-letter code for an element used by scientists worldwide.

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5
Q

What is the chemical symbol for gold?

A

Au

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6
Q

What is the chemical symbol for iron?

A

Fe

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7
Q

True or False: An element can exist as a mixture.

A

False

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8
Q

Name three elements found in a smartphone.

A
  • Gold (Au)
  • Lithium
  • Indium
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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The chemical symbol for magnesium is _______.

A

Mg

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10
Q

Why is it important to use the same chemical symbols across different languages?

A
  • Consistency in scientific communication
  • Reduces confusion among scientists globally
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11
Q

What happens when a substance is melted and electricity is passed through it, resulting in two different substances?

A

The substance cannot be an element because it breaks down into different substances.

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12
Q

What do the chemical symbols of some elements derive from?

A

Their Latin names, for example, aurum for gold and ferrum for iron.

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13
Q

What is the mass of gold in a typical smartphone?

A

0.025 g

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14
Q

Calculate the number of smartphones needed to contain a total of 1 g of gold.

A

40 smartphones

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15
Q

What is the approximate price of gold per gram?

A

£30

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16
Q

How many phones would contain £1000 worth of gold?

A

Approximately 33 smartphones

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17
Q

What is the correct format for writing a chemical symbol?

A

The first letter is uppercase and the second letter is lowercase, e.g., Mg.

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18
Q

List the chemical symbols for hydrogen, aluminium, magnesium, and sodium.

A
  • Hydrogen - H
  • Aluminium - Al
  • Magnesium - Mg
  • Sodium - Na
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19
Q

What elements are used in touchscreens?

A
  • Indium
  • Tin
  • Oxygen
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20
Q

What is a compound?

A

A compound is a pure substance made up of atoms of two or more elements that are strongly joined together.

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21
Q

How is a water molecule structured?

A

A water molecule has one oxygen atom joined to two hydrogen atoms.

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22
Q

How does the property of a compound differ from its constituent elements?

A

The properties of a compound are different from the properties of the elements it is made up of.

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23
Q

What is the scientific name for salt?

A

Sodium chloride.

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24
Q

What elements make up salt?

A
  • Sodium
  • Chlorine
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25
Q

Describe the state and properties of sodium at room temperature.

A

Sodium is a shiny metal that is solid at 20 °C and reacts vigorously with water.

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26
Q

Describe the state and properties of chlorine at room temperature.

A

Chlorine is a smelly green poisonous gas at 20 °C.

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27
Q

Why does salt not smell or react like its constituent elements?

A

In salt, the atoms of sodium and chlorine are joined together to make one substance, sodium chloride, which has different properties.

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28
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms strongly joined together.

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29
Q

Which has a higher boiling point, water or hydrogen?

A

Water has a higher boiling point than hydrogen.

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30
Q

What are the boiling points of oxygen and water?

A
  • Oxygen: -183 °C
  • Water: 100 °C
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31
Q

What forces hold molecules together in liquid hydrogen compared to liquid water?

A

Weak forces hold molecules close to each other in liquid hydrogen, while stronger forces hold molecules close together in liquid water.

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32
Q

Fill in the blank: A compound is a substance made up of atoms of _______ elements.

A

[two or more]

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33
Q

Fill in the blank: The properties of a compound are _______ to the properties of its elements.

A

[different]

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34
Q

Fill in the blank: A molecule is a group of _______ atoms strongly joined together.

A

[two or more]

35
Q

What is tooth enamel composed of?

A
  • Calcium
  • Phosphorus
  • Oxygen
36
Q

Explain why water has different properties than hydrogen and oxygen.

A

Water molecules are made up of atoms of two elements, hydrogen and oxygen, which results in different properties from the individual gases.

37
Q

What are the three classifications of substances?

A

Element, mixture, compound

38
Q

What are the two types of particles that can make up a substance?

A

Molecules or atoms

39
Q

What is the chemical formula of carbon dioxide?

A

CO2

40
Q

What two elements make up carbon dioxide?

A

Carbon and oxygen

41
Q

What is carbon monoxide and why is it dangerous?

A

A compound made of carbon and oxygen; it is poisonous and can be deadly

42
Q

How much carbon is present in carbon dioxide compared to oxygen?

A

12 g of carbon for every 32 g of oxygen

43
Q

How much carbon is present in carbon monoxide compared to oxygen?

A

12 g of carbon for every 16 g of oxygen

44
Q

What is the name of the compound formed from aluminium and oxygen?

A

Aluminium oxide

45
Q

What is the name of the compound formed from zinc and oxygen?

A

Zinc oxide

46
Q

What is the formula of water?

A

H2O

47
Q

Which compound has a higher proportion of oxygen: water or nitrogen dioxide?

A

Depends on the calculation of the mass ratios

48
Q

What is the chemical formula of sodium chloride?

A

NaCl

49
Q

What happens to the name of a non-metal in a compound with a metal?

A

The non-metal’s name ends with -ide

50
Q

What is a chemical formula?

A

It shows the elements present and their relative number of atoms in a compound

51
Q

What is the formula of sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

52
Q

What does a hydroxide compound include?

A

Hydrogen and oxygen atoms

53
Q

What is the formula of sodium nitrate?

A

NaNO3

54
Q

What elements make up copper sulfate?

A

Copper, sulfur, and oxygen

55
Q

Fill in the blank: The formula of carbon dioxide is _______.

A

CO2

56
Q

What is the formula for potassium hydroxide?

A

KOH

57
Q

What is the formula of calcium carbonate?

A

CaCO3

58
Q

True or False: The formula of carbon monoxide is CO.

A

True

59
Q

Name the elements in the compound with the formula H2O.

A

Hydrogen and oxygen

60
Q

What does the term ‘relative number’ mean in the context of chemical formulas?

A

How many of one type of atom there are compared to another

61
Q

What is the formula for sulfur dioxide?

A

SO2

62
Q

What does a particle diagram represent?

A

Atoms, molecules, elements, mixtures, and compounds

63
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A polymer is a large molecule made up of identical groups of atoms repeated many times.

64
Q

Give examples of natural polymers.

A
  • Wool
  • Starch
  • Rubber
  • Chitin
65
Q

What is chitin and where is it found?

A

Chitin is a polymer that forms the exoskeletons of lobsters, cockroaches, and ants.

66
Q

How do polymer properties depend on their molecules?

A

The properties of a polymer depend on its molecules, which are relatively big and heavy, resulting in higher melting temperatures.

67
Q

What is the melting temperature of methane?

A

-182 °C

68
Q

What are the melting temperature ranges for poly(ethene)?

A

Between 105 and 180 °C

69
Q

Why does methane melt at a lower temperature than poly(ethene)?

A

Methane has smaller molecules compared to poly(ethene), leading to lower melting temperatures.

70
Q

What properties make wool useful for clothing?

A

Wool fibres trap air, which traps heat.

71
Q

What is a primary use of rubber?

A

Rubber is primarily used to make tyres.

72
Q

What are synthetic polymers?

A

Synthetic polymers are man-made polymers produced through chemical reactions.

73
Q

What are the two types of poly(ethene)?

A
  • Low-density poly(ethene) (LDPE)
  • High-density poly(ethene) (HDPE)
74
Q

What is a key property of low-density poly(ethene) (LDPE)?

A

LDPE is flexible and strong.

75
Q

What is a key property of high-density poly(ethene) (HDPE)?

A

HDPE is harder than LDPE and can have very smooth surfaces.

76
Q

Why is it important that poly(ethene) does not decay naturally?

A

This property is important for artificial knee joints but makes it hard to dispose of carrier bags.

77
Q

What is the density of low-density poly(ethene)?

A

0.92 g/cm³

78
Q

What is the density of high-density poly(ethene)?

A

0.96 g/cm³

79
Q

Fill in the blank: A polymer has _______ molecules.

A

[large]

80
Q

Fill in the blank: There are two types of polymer: _______ polymers and _______ polymers.

A

[natural, synthetic]

81
Q

Why is low-density poly(ethene) suitable for carrier bags?

A

Because its molecules slide over one another, making it flexible.

82
Q

Which polymer is suitable for packaging due to its properties?

A

Polystyrene

83
Q

What property of polystyrene makes it suitable for disposable cups?

A

Low density

SCIENCE YEAR 8 (1 decks)

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