The Periodic Table Flashcards
What is the periodic law?
The properties of the elements repeat periodically.
By what property did Moseley suggest that the periodic table be arranged?
Atomic Number
What is a period?
A horizontal row.
How many periods are there in a periodic table?
Seven
What is a group?
A column in the periodic table
How many columns are there in the periodic table?
Eighteen.
Where are the transition elements?
Groups 3-12
In what orbitals are the actinide and lanthanide electrons found?
F orbitals.
What makes chemicals more similar to one another?
The same amount of valence electrons.
What named group is for the following valence shell electron configurations? s2
Alkaline Earth Metals
s2p6
Noble Gases.
What do we mean by the “atomic radius”?
The size of a neutral atom.
What happens to the atomic radius as you go down a column?
Gets bigger.
Why does the atomic radius change?
The element below has one more energy level than the one above.
Within a period, what happens when you go left to right?
Decreases.
Why does the atomic radius decrease as you go left to right?
No additional energy levels, more charges = more pull.
How are neutral atoms converted into cations?
They lose electrons.
How are neutral atoms converted into anions?
Gains electrons.
Metals usually form _______ ions.
Cations.
Nonmetals usually form _________ ions.
Anions.
What is ionisation energy?
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
What is the first ionisation energy?
Energy required to remove the 1st electron.
Why does each successive ionisation require more energy than the previous one?
The nucleus holds on tighter to the fewer remaining electrons.
As you go left to right, what happens to ionisation energy?
Increases.
As you go down a group on the periodic table, what happens to ionisation energy?
Decreases.
When an atom becomes an anion, what happens to its radius?
Grows bigger.
When an atom becomes a cation, what happens to its radius?
Becomes smaller.
Where are the metals on the periodic table?
Left side.
Where are the non metals on the periodic table?
On the right.
What is electronegativity?
The tendency for an atom to attract electrons to itself.
What is the general trend of electronegativity as you go down the periodic table?
Decreases.
What is the trend of electronegativity as you go left to right across the periodic table?
Increases.
Why do all members of a group have similar properties?
They have the same number of valence electrons.
