The Periodic Table Flashcards
The Periodic Table of the Elements organizes the elements according to
atomic numbers and reveals a pattern of similar chemical and physical properties among elements
Rows are called
Periods
Periods are based on
same principal energy level, n
Columns are called
Groups
Elements in the same group have
the same valence shell electron configuration
Elements on the Periodic Table belong to one of three types
Metals, nonmetals, and metelloids
What elements are shiny (lustrous), conduct electricity well, and are malleable and ductile
Metals
Where are metals found on the Periodic Table
left side and middle
What elements are dull, poor conductors of electricity, and are brittle
Nonmetals
Where are nonmetals located
right side
What elements posse characteristics of both metals and nonmetals
Metalloids
Where are metalloids located
In a staircase formation between metals and nonmentals
What is the first element of the metalloids
Boron (B)
What is the net positive charge experienced by electrons in the valence shell and forms the foundation for all periodic trends
Effective nuclear charge (Z’eff)
Z’eff increases how across a period
From left to right
What is the trend for Z’eff along a group
Little to no change
Valence electrons become increasingly separated from the nucleus as
the principal energy level, n, increases from top to bottom in a group
Atomic radius trends how along a period
decreases from left to right
Atomic radius trends how along a group
increases from top to bottom
Ionic radius is the
size of a charged species
Cations are generally _____ than their corresponding neutral atom
smaller
Anions are generally ______than their corresponding neutral atom
Larger
Ionization energy is the
amount of energy necessary to remove an electron from the valence shell of a gaseous species
Ionization energy trends how within a period
increases from left to right
