the periodic table Flashcards
what is the periodic table
a visual presentation of the elements in groups according to their physical and chemical properties
what’s a valence electron
an electron in the outermost shell of an atom
what is the lewis for representation
simplified representation of the atom in which only the valence electrons are illustrated
what’s a group
corresponds to a column of the period table
the elements in a particular group have similar chemical properties because they all have the same number of valence electrons
what’s a period
corresponds to a row of the period table
all the elements in a period have the same number of electron shells/orbit
what does the staircase show
the line between metals and non metals
on which side of the staircase are the metals
to the left of the staircase
what is the exception element on the left side of the staircase that isn’t a metal
hydrogen
what are the 5 properties of metals
- good conductors of electricity and heat
-ductile and malleable
-usually shiny
-solid at room temperature (except mercury)
-many react with acids
on which side of the staircase are the non metals
to the right side of the staircase
what are the 3 properties to non metals
-generally poor conductors of electricity and heat
-many are gases at room temperature
-when solid, they can easily be reduced to powder
on which side of the staircase are metalloids
on both sides of the staircase
what are metalloids
can have properties of both metal and non metals
what is the first group called (first column
alkali metals
what are 3 characteristic properties to alkali metals
- soft and highly reactive
- in their pure state, they must be stored in oil
-they don’t exist in their elemental state in nature
what is the second group called (second column)
alkaline earth metals
what are 4 characteristics properties of alkaline earth
-highly malleable and reactive/burns easily
- they can be exposed to air
-they form many compounds found in rocks
-they do not exist in their elemental state in nature
what is the third group called
boron group
what is the fourth group called
carbon group
what is the fifth group called
nitrogen group
what is the sixth group called
oxygen group
what is the seventh group called
halogens
what are 3 characteristic properties of halogens
-non metals
- many are powerful disinfectants
- they react easily to form compounds
what is the last column called
noble gases (or insert gases)
what are 3 characteristic properties in noble gases
- non metals
- very stable gases (react minimally with other elements)
- almost always exist in their elemental state in nature
hydrogen is apart of which group
group 1
