THE PERIODIC TABLE Flashcards
Is a one- or two-letter designation of an element. The first letter of a symbol is always capitalized. If the symbol contains two letters, the second letter is lower case.
Chemical Symbol
____ used the first one or two letters of the name of the element and created the elements _____…
J.J. Berzelius (C, H, O, N, S, I, Al, Br, Ca, Co, Si, Ti)
Derived from the name of the discoverer (Lr, Es, Fm, Md)
Lawrencium, Einsteinium, Fermium, Mendelevium
Derived from the name of gods (Th, V)
Thorium, Vanadium
Derived from place of founder (Fr, Am, Cf, Eu, Ga, Ge, Po)
o Francium (Fr)
o Americium (Am)
o Californium (Cf)
o Europium (Eu)
o Gallium (Ga)
o Germanium (Ge)
o Polonium (Po)
Derived from Latin words
o Antimony Stibium Sb
o Copper Cuprum Cu
o Gold Aurum Au
o Iron Ferrum Fe
o Lead Plumbum Pb
o Mercury Hydrargyrum Hg
o Potassium Kalium K
o Silver Argentum Ag
o Sodium Natrium Na
o Tin Stannum Sn
table of the chemical elements arranged to show patterns of recurring chemical and physical properties
one way of arranging known elements and provides a possible way of determining elements yet to be discovered
Periodic table
arranged the elements by ‘triad’ according to order of physical properties
Johannes Dobereiner
arranged the elements by ‘law of octaves’ according to order of increasing atomic weights
John Newlands
arranged the elements according to periodic trends
Melting points, boiling points, and chemical activities
Lothar Meyer
arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass
Dmitri Mendeleev
arranged the elements in order of atomic number giving rise to the ‘modern periodic table’
Henry Moseley
In the modern periodic table, how many horizontal rows does the period have?
7
How many vertical columns does group or family have?
18
What are the 4 groups or 4 families?
Representative Elements (Group 1A to O)
Transition Elements (Group B)
Lanthanides
Actinides
The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic number
Periodic Law
What are the 2 uses of the periodic table?
- Used by scientists and students to find the structured sequence in terms of physical and chemical properties which identify an element
- Used by people to predict the properties of any particular element with a reasonable degree of confidence.
Distance of the electron cloud from the nucleus (Family – increases; Period - decreases)
Atomic radius
Energy required to remove an electron from an atom. (Family – decreases; Period – increases)
Ionization energy
- Nuclear charge – the larger the nuclear charge, the greater is the ionization energy
- Shielding effect – the greater the shielding effect, the less is the ionization energy
- Atomic size – the bigger the atom, the lesser is its ionization energy
- Sub-energy level – an electron from a full or half full sublevel requires additional energy to be removed
MEMORIZE
Energy required to attract an additional electron
* Metals – low electron affinity
* Non-metals – high electron affinity
Electron Affinity (Family – decreases; Period – increases)
Ability of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons in a chemical bond (Family – decreases; Period – increases)
Electronegativity
Distance between the nuclei of two like atoms after gaining or losing electrons
Ionic Radius (Family – increases; Period - decreases)
Tendency of an element to lose electrons forming positive ion (Family – increases; Period – decreases)
Metallicity
