The Periodic Table Flashcards
Name the 3 subatomic particles
Proton, neutron and electron
What is the relative charge of a proton
+1
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
0
What is the relative charge of an electron
-1
So then why does an atom have no overall charge?
There are always the same amount of protons and electrons and so they cancel each other out.
What is the center of the atom; where most of the mass is concentrated?
The nucleus
What is an element?
An element is a pure substance that is made up of only one type of atom
What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest particle that can live by itself.
What are some properties of a non-metal?
-They are either solid or gas
-They are brittle
-they are dull
-they do not conduct electricity
-They have low melting points
What are some properties of metals?
-They are mostly solids
-they are malleable
-they are shiny
-They conduct electricity
-they have high melting points
Where are the metals?
At the left and centre of the periodic table.
Where are the non-metals?
At the top right side of the periodic table.
Where is the line separating the metals and the non-metals?
If you just imagine that there is an aluminum can at the top of the staircase and you squash it and walk down the stairs.
What does the atomic symbol tell you?
The atomic symbol represents a code to identify an specific element in the Periodic Table of Elements.
What does the atomic number tell you?
How many protons there are in the nucleus of the atom.
What is a group and a period?
Group=columns
Period=row
How did Mendeleev arrange the elements?
In his periodic table, Mendeleev arranged elements in rows by increasing atomic mass. Within a row, elements with lower atomic masses were on the left. Mendeleev started a new row every time the chemical properties of the elements repeated, so, all the elements in a column had similar properties.
What changes did Mendeleev make so that the periodic table worked for all of the elements?
Mendeleev created the framework that became the modern periodic table, leaving gaps for elements that were yet to be discovered. While arranging the elements according to their atomic weight, if he found that they did not fit into the group he would rearrange them.
What are the three metals that are so reactive that they’re need to be kept in a jar with oil so that they don’t react with the air?
Lithium, sodium and potassium
Which of those three metals were the most reactive?
Potassium
Which metal was the least reactive?
Lithium
Describe what happened when sodium and lithium dissolved in the water.
Even though sodium is more vigorous than lithium, they both made fizzing and bubbles, hydrogen gas and a blue/purple colour with the universal indicator when it dissolved.
Describe what happened when potassium dissolved in the water.
It was so vigorous that it was almost instantly that it dissolved that it even produced a lilac flame
What is the difference in how the non-metals are arranged to how the metals are arranged?
As you go down the group for the metals, their reactivity increases, but it is the opposite for the non-metals because as you go up the group the reactivity increases.
Sodium + water = ?
Sodium + water= sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
Potassium + water = ?
Potassium + water = potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
Lithium + water = ?
Lithium + water = lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
If the solution goes blue, what is formed?
An alkali
List the noble gases
Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon, Oganesson
What can group 0 also be called?
Group 8
What are the group 0 elements known as?
The noble gases
What noble gas is used in electric signs to give it a red glow?
Neon
What noble gas is found in the center of our stars?
Helium
Which noble gases elements are radioactive?
Radon and xenon
What makes up 0.93% of the air around us?
Argon
What salt do we use every day on our food?
Sodium chloride
Why are lithium, sodium and potassium stored in jars with oil?
Oil acts as a protection for the metals because air can’t penetrate through it
