The patient with urinary problems

Question 1

Which clinical markers define acute kidney injury?

Answer 1

Rise in serum creatinine of >= 26 mmol over last 48 hours
OR
Rise in serum creatinine of 1.5x or more from baseline value within 3 months
OR
Urine output < 0.5ml/kg/hr

Question 2

Which type of anaemia picture suggests chronic kidney disease?

Answer 2

Normochromic, normocytic anaemia

Question 3

What are the indications for dialysis in AKI?

Answer 3

Persistently high K+, fluid overload, severe acidosis (pH < 7.15), uraemic complications e.g. pericarditis, encephalopathy