The Patient

Question 1

CVS: describe the location of the heart

Answer 1

• Thorax between the lungs
• pointed apex directed toward left hip
• about size of fist (less than 450g)

Question 2

CVS: label the main structure of the heart

Answer 2

A

Question 3

CVS: describe the heart covering and heart wall

Answer 3

Heart covering: 
Pericardium - a double serous membrane 
Visceral pericardium- next to the heart
Parietal pericardium- outside layer
Serous fluid fills the space between the layers of pericardium 

Heart Wall:
Epicardium: outside layer, the parietals pericardium, connective tissue layer
Myocardium: middle layer, mostly cardiac muscle
Endocardium: inner layer, endothelium

Question 4

CVS: explain how blood circulates through the heart

Answer 4

Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium; the heart has its own nourishing circulatory system - coronary arteries - cardiac veins - blood empties into the right atrium via the coronary sinus

The heart conduction system: intrinsic conduction system (nodal system) ; heart muscles cell contract without nerve impulses in a regular continuous cycle

Question 5

CVS: explain and name the main heart valves

Answer 5

4 chambers:
Atria - receiving chambers
Right atrium
Left atrium

Ventricles - discharging chambers
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

Valves allow blood to flow in one direction:
Atrioventricular valves- between atria and ventricles
- biscupid/mitral valve (left)
- tricuspid valve(right)

Semilunar valves- between ventricle and artery

• aortic semilunar valve
• pulmonary valve
• Valves are held in place by chordae tendineae (heart strings)
• valves open as blood is pumped through and close to prevent backflow

Question 6

CVS: describe the cardiac cycle

Answer 6

A

Question 7

CVS: explain how the heart sets pace

Answer 7

• special tissue sets the pace
  
  • sinoatrial node(right atrium)
    
    • pacemaker
  • atrioventricular node (junction of r&l atria and ventricle)
  • atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his)
  • purkinje fibres

Question 8

CVS: give an overview of the main types of drugs used in heart treatment

Answer 8

A

Question 9

Cvd: define heart disease

Answer 9

A

Question 10

Cvd : discuss common types of heart disease

Answer 10

A

Question 11

Cvd : describe the signs and symptoms of heart disease

Answer 11

A

Question 12

Describe common types of heart disease

Answer 12

A

Question 13

Describe the signs and symptoms of heart disease

Answer 13

A

Question 14

Describe common treatment

Answer 14

A

Question 15

Discuss preventative measure

Answer 15

A