The particulate nature of matter Flashcards
What is matter?
Matter is any substance that occupies space
What is the kinetic theory of matter?
the kinetic theory of matter stats that matter is made up of particles (ie atoms, molecules) and they are always in motion, constant motion.
What are the 3 states of matter?
Solid, liquid and gas
Describe the structure of solid molecules.
Solids have particles that are closely packed. The atoms are arranged in a regular pattern due to the strong attractive forces that exist between the particles.
Solids cannot move, what does the particles do instead?
They vibrate constantly on the spot.
How does a solid change to a liquid?
By giving a solid energy, (ie heating), the particles begin to vibrate more vigorously as they gain more energy. Eventually the particles will begin to separate as they overcome the attractive bonds. The particles will soon have enough separation to move past one another but still be kept close as the attractive forces between the particles still exist. The solid now turns into liquid.
Explain the structure of liquid?
Particles that are loosely packed or arranged. They therefore take the shape of the container in which they are in. The particles are constantly in a random motion.
How does a liquid turn into a gas?
By heating a liquid the particles gain energy. This will separate the particles even more as they overcome most of the remaining forces of attraction that exists.
Explain the structure of gases?
Gas particles that are far apart are still in constant random motion and they also take the shape of the container unlike solids and liquids, gases can be compressed.
What happens to the particles when you cool a gas?
If you take away energy from a gas (ie cooling) then individual particles will have less energy to overcome attractive forces, and will eventually turn back into a liquid.
what is melting?
When a solid turns into a liquid
What is the sublimation?
When a solid turns into a gas
What is deposition?
When a gas turns into a solid?
What is the brownian motion?
The erratic random, movement of
microscopic particles in a fluid as a result of continuous bombardment from molecules of the fluid.
