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The Paris Peace Treaties Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

Name the treaties and the country

A 
Treaty of Trianon (Hungary)
Treaty of St. Germain (Austria)
Treaty of Sevres (Turkey)
Treaty of Neuilly (Bulgaria)
Treaty of Versailles (Germany)
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2
Q

Similarities between the treaties

A

Lost land
Demilitarisation
War guilt
Reparations

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3
Q

Wilson’s 14 Points

A
  1. End to secret alliances
  2. Freedom of the seas
  3. Free trade among nations
  4. World disarmament
  5. Self-determination for former colonies and invaded territories
  6. A world-peace organisation
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4
Q

Leaders of the Big Three and posts

A

Lloyd-George (Prime Minister)
Clemenceau (Prime Minister)
Woodrow Wilson (President)

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5
Q

Aims of Clemenceau (France)

A 
Wanted revenge
Protection against Germany
Remembered Franco-Prussian War
French President (Poincare) wanted Germany broken up into several states
Wanted treaty to weaken Germany forever
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6
Q

Aims of Lloyd-George (Britain)

A

Wanted trade (2nd largest trading partner)
Middle between US and France
Wanted them to lose colonies
Reduction of navy (threatened Royal Navy)
Public wanted revenge but he knew consequences
Won election promising to make Germany pay

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7
Q

Aims of Woodrow Wilson (USA)

A

Wanted Peace
Germany should be punished but not too harshly
14 points
Wanted to avoid a war
Self-Determination (Eastern Europe to rule itself instead of being part of an empire)

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8
Q

Effects of WW1

A

Economic Effects
Social Effects
Political Effects
Territorial Effects

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9
Q

Economic Effects (WW1)

A 
Britain, Russia, France bankrupt
Relied on money from US
Inflation in Germany
Fuel Shortage Germany
Currency collapsed in Germany
Germany was in debt
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10
Q

Social Effects (WW1)

A

Millions of Refugees (spread diseases- Spanish Flu, 50 million deaths)
35 million people died worldwide
Lack of working men made working women and voting rights
Hierarchal structure of society broke down

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11
Q

Political Effects (WW1)

A

Empires of Russia, Austria-Hungary and Turkey collapsed
Russian Tsar died and communism took over
Habsburg Monarchs didn’t have anywhere to rule
Britain and France’s colonies began to think of independence

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12
Q

Territorial Effects (WW1)

A

Germany lost 15% of its population
France and Germany suffered most damage
Germany borders undecided

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13
Q

Why did Big Three Disagree

A

No war on US soil
US wasn’t as affected so Wilson was more idealistic
Clemenceau felt that US and Britain wanted strong Germany to keep them in check
Wilson weakened by lack of support at home
Lloyd-George was worried by the idea of independence that Woodrow Wilson had because there was British Empire

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14
Q

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles

A

Territory
Military
Reparations
International Peace

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15
Q

Territory (TOV)

A

Alsace Lorraine lost to France
Polish Corridor and Upper Silica lost to Poland
Danzig Port to LoN…
Lost valuable land for industry
Rhineland demilitarised
Saarland plebiscite after 15y under LoN
Forbidden Anschluss
Colonies given away
Lost 10% of land, 12,5% of population, 48% of iron
7 million Germans lived outside of Germany

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16
Q

Military Restrictions (TOV)

A 
100 00 men
7 Infantry devisions
No submarines, tanks and aircrafts
6 battleships
No conscription
No arms trade
15 000 sailors
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17
Q

Reparations (TOV)

A

£6,6 billion to be paid before 1984

Taken in iron ore and coal

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18
Q

International Peace (TOV)

A

Not allowed to join LoN until proven to be a ‘peace loving country’`
Article 231: War guilt

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19
Q

Consequences of ToV

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A 
Kapp Putsch (1)
Munich Putsch(2 Hitler)
Berlin workers going on strike
Fell behind paying reparations
France and Belgium invaded the Ruhr
Strike 2 --> Hyperinflation
Regular assassination attempts
20
Q

Reaction to ToV

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A 
Germany thought it was unfair
ToV members called a 'Diktat'
Government called 'November Criminals'
Germans thought they didn't start the war
Felt betrayed
21
Q

Justification for the ToV

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A 
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was harsher
Germany had bigger steel production
Caused damage during the war
Started the war
Would have made them pay if they had lost
France lost 2/3 of army
Franco-Prussian War
Britain lost 1 million men
22
Q

Against ToV

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A

Germans living away from Germany (too far)
Claimed allies were trying to bankrupt them
Clemenceau was acting out of revenge
Germany not invited to ToV
Felt Britain & France did not want peace
Only country to disarm

23
Q

Armistice

Study These Flashcards
A

11 am November 11th 1918

Germany and allies to stop fighting

24
Q

Dawes Plan

Study These Flashcards
A

Promised economic loans from America to Germany, 1924

25
Freikorps
German mercenaries that usually fought Communists
26
Hyperinflation
Rapidly escalating price of goods that occurred in Germany in 1923 when too much money was printed so it became worthless
27
Self-Determination
The right for countries to rule themselves
28
Spartacists
Left-Wing Communist group that wanted a revolution
29
Brest-Litovsk
1918- Treaty that ended Russia's participation in WW1
30
1919
Spartacists uprising Treaty of Versailles Treaty of St. Germain
31
1920
Treaty of Trianon Treaty of Sevres Kapp Putsch
32
1923
Hyperinflation Munich Putsch Treaty of Lausanne
33
1924
Dawes Plan
34
1925
Ruhr | Locarno Pact
35
Treaty of Trianon
Hungary Lost land to Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Romania Lost 60% of its population Ethnic Hungarians live outside Hungary (border's redrawn) Lost trading routes via the Med Loss of income Humiliating Loss of markets and trade restrictions Could not afford to pay back the reparations Italy felt they didn't get enough of Hungary land Romania (buffer state -> block Russian access to the Meditarranean sea) took Transylvania
36
Locarno Treaties
Agreed to redefined borders agreed to during the Paris Peace Treaties As Germany signed that they agreed to the land they lost they were considered a 'peace loving country' and allowed into the League of Nations 1925
37
Treaty of St. Germain
Austria 1919 Hapsburg Empire dismantled Humiliated because denied union with Germany -> forbidden to unite with any other country without the approval of the League of Nations Humiliated because they lost land to 5 countries Lost a lot of economic and industrial land to Czechoslovakia and Poland lost 15 million people (in land)
38
Treaty of Sevres
Turkey 1920 Ottoman Empire fallen Reparations All colonies given away: Arabia independent Totally Disarm, army limited to 500,000 men Lost land to Greece (rivals) Muslim factions hated Western occupation Sent country into civil war Renegotiation in 1923 by Mustafa Kemal Reclaimed Anatolia Treaty of Lausanne 1923 -> renegotiated treaty
39
Treaty of Neuilly
``` Bulgaria 1919 Totally disarm $100 million in reparations Lost land to Yugoslavia, Greece, Romania Lost access to the Aegean sea Recognised independance of Yugoslavia ```
40
Treaty of Lausanne
Turkey #2 1923 Removed reparation and demilitarisation payments Withdrawal of foreign troops in Turkish territory Return to Turkey of the East Turkish soverignty over Bosporus and Dardanelles straits recognised (still had to be demiliatrised and subject to international conventions)
41
Trianon + Neuilly Fair/Unfair
Unfair: lost more land than Kingdom of Hungary which had also been part of Austria-Hungary (Trianon) Fair: had been one of the main contributors to the war and therefore it was normal that they had harsher terms than some of the other countries
42
Sèvres/Lausanne Fair/Unfair
Fair/Unfair: was originally very harsh but was renegotatiated in Treaty of Lausanne
43
St Germain Fair/Unfair
Unfair: overruled the principal of self-determination South Tyol given to Italy and Sudetenland given to Czechs which mean Austrian nationals living under foreign rule
44
Overall fair
League of Nations Reparations made it possible to recover and viable Disarmament Moderate in comparison to others (Brest litovsk) Reparations can be seen as both fair and unfair
45
Overall unfair
``` Unfair to population Territory breakup Distribution of power Sevres and Trianon War guilt clause for Germany ```

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