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History > The Paris Peace Treaties > Flashcards

The Paris Peace Treaties Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the treaties and the country

A 
Treaty of Trianon (Hungary)
Treaty of St. Germain (Austria)
Treaty of Sevres (Turkey)
Treaty of Neuilly (Bulgaria)
Treaty of Versailles (Germany)
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2
Q

Similarities between the treaties

A

Lost land
Demilitarisation
War guilt
Reparations

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3
Q

Wilson’s 14 Points

A
  1. End to secret alliances
  2. Freedom of the seas
  3. Free trade among nations
  4. World disarmament
  5. Self-determination for former colonies and invaded territories
  6. A world-peace organisation
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4
Q

Leaders of the Big Three and posts

A

Lloyd-George (Prime Minister)
Clemenceau (Prime Minister)
Woodrow Wilson (President)

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5
Q

Aims of Clemenceau (France)

A 
Wanted revenge
Protection against Germany
Remembered Franco-Prussian War
French President (Poincare) wanted Germany broken up into several states
Wanted treaty to weaken Germany forever
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6
Q

Aims of Lloyd-George (Britain)

A

Wanted trade (2nd largest trading partner)
Middle between US and France
Wanted them to lose colonies
Reduction of navy (threatened Royal Navy)
Public wanted revenge but he knew consequences
Won election promising to make Germany pay

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7
Q

Aims of Woodrow Wilson (USA)

A

Wanted Peace
Germany should be punished but not too harshly
14 points
Wanted to avoid a war
Self-Determination (Eastern Europe to rule itself instead of being part of an empire)

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8
Q

Effects of WW1

A

Economic Effects
Social Effects
Political Effects
Territorial Effects

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9
Q

Economic Effects (WW1)

A 
Britain, Russia, France bankrupt
Relied on money from US
Inflation in Germany
Fuel Shortage Germany
Currency collapsed in Germany
Germany was in debt
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10
Q

Social Effects (WW1)

A

Millions of Refugees (spread diseases- Spanish Flu, 50 million deaths)
35 million people died worldwide
Lack of working men made working women and voting rights
Hierarchal structure of society broke down

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11
Q

Political Effects (WW1)

A

Empires of Russia, Austria-Hungary and Turkey collapsed
Russian Tsar died and communism took over
Habsburg Monarchs didn’t have anywhere to rule
Britain and France’s colonies began to think of independence

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12
Q

Territorial Effects (WW1)

A

Germany lost 15% of its population
France and Germany suffered most damage
Germany borders undecided

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13
Q

Why did Big Three Disagree

A

No war on US soil
US wasn’t as affected so Wilson was more idealistic
Clemenceau felt that US and Britain wanted strong Germany to keep them in check
Wilson weakened by lack of support at home
Lloyd-George was worried by the idea of independence that Woodrow Wilson had because there was British Empire

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14
Q

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles

A

Territory
Military
Reparations
International Peace

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15
Q

Territory (TOV)

A

Alsace Lorraine lost to France
Polish Corridor and Upper Silica lost to Poland
Danzig Port to LoN…
Lost valuable land for industry
Rhineland demilitarised
Saarland plebiscite after 15y under LoN
Forbidden Anschluss
Colonies given away
Lost 10% of land, 12,5% of population, 48% of iron
7 million Germans lived outside of Germany

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16
Q

Military Restrictions (TOV)

A 
100 00 men
7 Infantry devisions
No submarines, tanks and aircrafts
6 battleships
No conscription
No arms trade
15 000 sailors
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17
Q

Reparations (TOV)

A

£6,6 billion to be paid before 1984

Taken in iron ore and coal

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18
Q

International Peace (TOV)

A

Not allowed to join LoN until proven to be a ‘peace loving country’`
Article 231: War guilt

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19
Q

Consequences of ToV

A 
Kapp Putsch (1)
Munich Putsch(2 Hitler)
Berlin workers going on strike
Fell behind paying reparations
France and Belgium invaded the Ruhr
Strike 2 --> Hyperinflation
Regular assassination attempts
20
Q

Reaction to ToV

A 
Germany thought it was unfair
ToV members called a 'Diktat'
Government called 'November Criminals'
Germans thought they didn't start the war
Felt betrayed
21
Q

Justification for the ToV

A 
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was harsher
Germany had bigger steel production
Caused damage during the war
Started the war
Would have made them pay if they had lost
France lost 2/3 of army
Franco-Prussian War
Britain lost 1 million men
22
Q

Against ToV

A

Germans living away from Germany (too far)
Claimed allies were trying to bankrupt them
Clemenceau was acting out of revenge
Germany not invited to ToV
Felt Britain & France did not want peace
Only country to disarm

23
Q

Armistice

A

11 am November 11th 1918

Germany and allies to stop fighting

24
Q

Dawes Plan

A

Promised economic loans from America to Germany, 1924

25
Q

Freikorps

A

German mercenaries that usually fought Communists

26
Q

Hyperinflation

A

Rapidly escalating price of goods that occurred in Germany in 1923 when too much money was printed so it became worthless

27
Q

Self-Determination

A

The right for countries to rule themselves

28
Q

Spartacists

A

Left-Wing Communist group that wanted a revolution

29
Q

Brest-Litovsk

A

1918- Treaty that ended Russia’s participation in WW1

30
Q

1919

A

Spartacists uprising
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of St. Germain

31
Q

1920

A

Treaty of Trianon
Treaty of Sevres
Kapp Putsch

32
Q

1923

A

Hyperinflation
Munich Putsch
Treaty of Lausanne

33
Q

1924

A

Dawes Plan

34
Q

1925

A

Ruhr

Locarno Pact

35
Q

Treaty of Trianon

A

Hungary
Lost land to Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Romania
Lost 60% of its population
Ethnic Hungarians live outside Hungary (border’s redrawn)
Lost trading routes via the Med
Loss of income
Humiliating
Loss of markets and trade restrictions
Could not afford to pay back the reparations
Italy felt they didn’t get enough of Hungary land
Romania (buffer state -> block Russian access to the Meditarranean sea) took Transylvania

36
Q

Locarno Treaties

A

Agreed to redefined borders agreed to during the Paris Peace Treaties
As Germany signed that they agreed to the land they lost they were considered a ‘peace loving country’ and allowed into the League of Nations
1925

37
Q

Treaty of St. Germain

A

Austria 1919
Hapsburg Empire dismantled
Humiliated because denied union with Germany
-> forbidden to unite with any other country without the approval of the League of Nations
Humiliated because they lost land to 5 countries
Lost a lot of economic and industrial land to Czechoslovakia and Poland lost 15 million people (in land)

38
Q

Treaty of Sevres

A

Turkey 1920
Ottoman Empire fallen
Reparations
All colonies given away: Arabia independent
Totally Disarm, army limited to 500,000 men
Lost land to Greece (rivals)
Muslim factions hated Western occupation
Sent country into civil war
Renegotiation in 1923 by Mustafa Kemal
Reclaimed Anatolia
Treaty of Lausanne 1923 -> renegotiated treaty

39
Q

Treaty of Neuilly

A 
Bulgaria 1919
Totally disarm
$100 million in reparations
Lost land to Yugoslavia, Greece, Romania
Lost access to the Aegean sea 
Recognised independance of Yugoslavia
40
Q

Treaty of Lausanne

A

Turkey #2 1923
Removed reparation and demilitarisation payments
Withdrawal of foreign troops in Turkish territory
Return to Turkey of the East
Turkish soverignty over Bosporus and Dardanelles straits recognised (still had to be demiliatrised and subject to international conventions)

41
Q

Trianon + Neuilly Fair/Unfair

A

Unfair: lost more land than Kingdom of Hungary which had also been part of Austria-Hungary (Trianon)
Fair: had been one of the main contributors to the war and therefore it was normal that they had harsher terms than some of the other countries

42
Q

Sèvres/Lausanne Fair/Unfair

A

Fair/Unfair: was originally very harsh but was renegotatiated in Treaty of Lausanne

43
Q

St Germain Fair/Unfair

A

Unfair: overruled the principal of self-determination South Tyol given to Italy and Sudetenland given to Czechs which mean Austrian nationals living under foreign rule

44
Q

Overall fair

A

League of Nations
Reparations made it possible to recover and viable
Disarmament
Moderate in comparison to others (Brest litovsk)
Reparations can be seen as both fair and unfair

45
Q

Overall unfair

A 
Unfair to population
Territory breakup 
Distribution of power
Sevres and Trianon
War guilt clause for Germany

History (16 decks)

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