The Ottoman Empire

Question 1

Ottoman Empire

Answer 1

the Turkish empire, established in northern Anatolia by Osman I at the end of the 13th century and expanded by his successors to include all of Asia Minor and much of southeastern Europe. After setbacks caused by the invasion of the Mongol ruler Tamerlane in 1402, the Ottomans captured Constantinople in 1453, and the empire reached its zenith under Suleiman in the mid 16th century. It had greatly declined by the 19th century and collapsed after World War I.

Question 2

Jarisarries

Answer 2

a member of the Turkish infantry forming the Sultan’s guard between the 14th and 19th centuries.

Question 3

sultan

Answer 3

a Muslim sovereign.

Question 4

sultanate

Answer 4

noun form of sultan

Question 5

Harem

Answer 5

the separate part of a Muslim household reserved for wives, concubines, and female servants.

Question 6

Aurangzeb

Answer 6

Mogul emperor of Hindustan 1658–1707, who increased the Mogul empire to its greatest extent.

Question 7

Shah

Answer 7

a title of the former monarch of Iran.

Question 8

Maratha Kingdom

Answer 8

At its peak, the empire covered much of South Asia, encompassing a territory of over 2.8 million km².

Question 9

Timur the Lame

Answer 9

Mongol conqueror

Question 10

Mehmet the Conqueror

Answer 10

Mehmed II, best known as Mehmed the Conqueror, was an Ottoman sultan who ruled first for a short time from August 1444 to September 1446, and later from February 1451 to May 1481. At the age of 21, he conquered Constantinople and brought an end to the Eastern Roman Empire.

Question 11

Emperor Akbar

Answer 11

He was the third and one of the greatest rulers of the Mughal Dynasty in India. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India.

Question 12

Nur Jahan

Answer 12

Nur Jahan born Mehr-un-Nissa, was the twentieth but most beloved, and therefore most important consort of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. Born the daughter of a Grand Vizier who served under Akbar, Nur Jahan was married at a young age to Sher Afgan, governor of Bihar, an important Mughal province. She was a married woman when Prince Jahangir, Akbar’s eldest son, fell in love with her.

Question 13

Delhi

Answer 13

a walled city on the River Jumna in north central India, which was made the capital of the Mogul empire in 1638 by Shah Jahan (1592–1666)

Question 14

Sufism

Answer 14

the mystical system of the Sufis.

Question 15

sikishm

Answer 15

a monotheistic religion founded in Punjab in the 15th century by Guru Nanak.

Question 16

Taj Mahal

Answer 16

a mausoleum at Agra, India, built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (1592–1666) in memory of his favorite wife, completed c. 1649. Set in formal gardens, the domed building in white marble is reflected in a pool flanked by cypresses.

Question 17

Safavid

Answer 17

a member of a dynasty that ruled Persia 1502–1736 and installed Shia rather than Sunni Islam as the state religion.

Question 18

Ismail Abbas

Answer 18

is an Iraqi man who was severely injured in a nighttime rocket attack near Baghdad during the United States’ 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Question 19

Sufis

Answer 19

a Muslim ascetic and mystic.

Question 20

Suleyman

Answer 20

sultan of the Ottoman Empire 1520–66.

Question 21

Esmail

Answer 21

Guantanamo detainee Anwar Khan identified an individual named Esmail as an anti-Taliban militia leader, prior to the ouster of the Taliban.

Question 22

Saifdon

Answer 22

Saison is a pale ale that is generally around 7% abv, highly carbonated, fruity, spicy, and often bottle conditioned. As a beer style, saison began as a pale ale brewed in the cooler, less active months in farmhouses in Wallonia, the French-speaking region of Belgium, and stored for drinking in the summer months.

Question 23

Kizilbash

Answer 23

a Persianized Turk of a class devoted to business and professional pursuits in Afghanistan; also : a member of a community of Turkish or mixed-race colonists in Asia Minor

Question 24

Rajputs

Answer 24

Rajput is a member of one of the patrilineal clans of the Indian subcontinent. They rose to prominence from the late 6th century CE, and, until the 20th century, the Rajput rulers dominated many regions of central and northern India including the eastern regions of present-day Pakistan.

Question 25

Sikh Faith

Answer 25

A monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 1500s by the guru Nanak. Sikhism rejects caste distinctions, idolatry, and asceticism and is characterized by belief in a cycle of reincarnation from which humans can free themselves by living righteous lives as active members of society.