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The OSI Model Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different layers of the OSI Model?

A

Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer

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2
Q

What does the Physical Layer involve?

A

Voltage levels, timing, physical data rates, physical connections. Everything you can touch since it’s physical.

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3
Q

What does the Data Link Layer involve?

A

Frame management
NIC
Switch

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4
Q

What does the Network Layer involve?

A

Routing
IPv4 and IPv6 live
Unique network device address on the network

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5
Q

What does OSI?

A

Open Systems Interconnection

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6
Q

What is the best way to remember the OSI Model?

A

All People Seem to Need Data Processing

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7
Q

What type of hardware does the Physical involve?

A

Coaxial Cable
Fiber optic
Ethernet cable
Cable connectors
Hub

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8
Q

What characteristics does Cat5 (ethernet cable) have?

A

Up to 100 Mhz
1000BASE-T (Gigabet Ethernet)
Suitable for Internet / Telephone / Video

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9
Q

What characteristics does a Cat5e (shielded twisted pair) have?

A

Defined by TIA/EIA 568 B
RJ-45 connectors

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10
Q

What characteristics does Cat6 have?

A

Smaller crosstalk
Higher signal (250 MHz)

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the Physical Layer?

A

Defines the hardware or medium for data transmission.

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12
Q

This provides error-free data frame transmission.

A

Data Link Layer (DLL)

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13
Q

What happens at the DLL?

A

Data is formatted correctly.

Data delivered reliably.

MAC Addresses and Ethernet frames exist here.

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14
Q

What is a collision on DLL?

A

2 nodes on a network try to transmit on a network simultaneously.

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15
Q

What will happen when a collision occurs?

A

Both computers will stop transmitting.

Will wait random amount of time before transmitting again.

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16
Q

What are the DLL technologies?

A

Ethernet
Token Ring
WiFi
NIC card

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17
Q

What does the Hub (Layer1) do in the DLL?

A

Broadcasts to all ports regardless of recipient.

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18
Q

What does the Switch (Layer 2) do in the DLL?

A

Learns which computer is connected to each port - only forwards intended messages.

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19
Q

What is the purpose of the Network Layer?

A

Takes care of connectivity and path selection (routing). This is where IPv4 and IPv6 exist.

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20
Q

What are the technologies within the Network Layer?

A

Routers
-Hardware
-Motherboard
-CPU
-Input/Output Ports

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21
Q

What does memory within the Network Layer contain?

A

Startup configurations
Operating system
Routing tables

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22
Q

What is packet sniffing?

A

Unintended recipient reads the message.

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23
Q

Are hubs intelligent?

A

NO

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24
Q

Are switches intelligent?

A

YES

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25
Does a hub broadcast messages to all computers on a LAN?
YES
26
How do we send a message to a computer outside our network?
Internet Protocol
27
What is Internet Protocol 4 (IPv4)?
4th version protocol for connectionless data transmission on packet-switched internetworks.
28
IPv4 addresses have how many bits/bytes?
32 bits / 4 bytes
29
Each byte contains numbers between this.
0 - 255
30
What is a subnet mask indicate?
Indicates if address is part of local network or connected to a physical network.
31
What is a Transmission Control Protocol?
Communication standard used in conjunction with the Internet.
32
What is TCP used for?
Reliable delivery of data over a network connection.
33
What is TCP used with?
World Wide Web, email and FTP.
34
How is error detection identified in TCP?
A checksum is used.
35
What does CRC32 mean?
Cyclic Redundancy Check with 32 bit checksum
36
What happens if there is not acknowledgement received?
Packet is resent.
37
What happens if the receiving computer detects an error?
No acknowledgement.
38
What is a solution to determine packets are reassembled in the right order?
Each packet contains a sequence number.
39
In regards to transmission errors under the Transport Layer, what happens if an acknowledgement arrives with an error?
Checksum reviewed Error noted Acknowledgement discarded Packet resent Recipient discards packet Acknowledgement sent
40
What happens if a duplicate packet is sent?
Receiver discards duplicate Receiver sends acknowledgement for all packets
41
What is UDP?
User Datagram Protocol - used for faster communication & compromises on error checking. Used by VoIP & Video
42
What port is Domain Name System (DNS)?
Port 53
43
What port is Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) & Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)?
Port 67 and 68
44
What port is Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)?
Port 69
45
What is Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)?
Ports 162 & 163
46
What port is Routing Information Protocol (RIP-1, RIP02, RIPng)?
Ports 520 & 521
47
What port is Network File System (NFS)?
Port 2049
48
Transport Layer accepts a message from this layer and then passes where?
Transport Layer passes from the Session Layer, splits message into smaller frames, and passes frames to Network Layer.
49
What is the purpose of the Session Layer?
Takes care of establishing, managing, and termination of sessions between two hosts. Browsing a website on the internet you are probably not the only user of the webserver hosting that website. The webserver keeps track of all the different sessions.
50
What does session support?
Security Name recognition Logging Multiple communication sessions with one computer (multiple channels or ports)
51
What are the ports in the Session Layer?
FTP TELNET SMTP HTTP POP3
52
What are the source ports range for Session Layer?
1024 - 65535
53
What port is FTP?
20 & 21
54
What port is TELNET?
23
55
What port is SMTP?
25
56
What port is HTTP?
80
57
What port is POP3?
110
58
What is the purpose of the Presentation Layer?
Data conversion Compression Encryption Character code translation (ASCII)
59
What is the goal of the Presentation Layer?
Represent data in a meaningful way regardless of the computer
60
What is the purpose of the Application Layer?
Interacts with applications
61
What are the applications Layer 7 Application Layer interacts with?
Email (SMTP) Remote file access Remote printer access File Transfer Protocol (FTP) HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Network management

Networking Investigations (1 decks)

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