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Networking Investigations > The OSI Model > Flashcards

The OSI Model Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different layers of the OSI Model?

A

Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer

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2
Q

What does the Physical Layer involve?

A

Voltage levels, timing, physical data rates, physical connections. Everything you can touch since it’s physical.

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3
Q

What does the Data Link Layer involve?

A

Frame management
NIC
Switch

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4
Q

What does the Network Layer involve?

A

Routing
IPv4 and IPv6 live
Unique network device address on the network

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5
Q

What does OSI?

A

Open Systems Interconnection

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6
Q

What is the best way to remember the OSI Model?

A

All People Seem to Need Data Processing

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7
Q

What type of hardware does the Physical involve?

A

Coaxial Cable
Fiber optic
Ethernet cable
Cable connectors
Hub

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8
Q

What characteristics does Cat5 (ethernet cable) have?

A

Up to 100 Mhz
1000BASE-T (Gigabet Ethernet)
Suitable for Internet / Telephone / Video

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9
Q

What characteristics does a Cat5e (shielded twisted pair) have?

A

Defined by TIA/EIA 568 B
RJ-45 connectors

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10
Q

What characteristics does Cat6 have?

A

Smaller crosstalk
Higher signal (250 MHz)

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the Physical Layer?

A

Defines the hardware or medium for data transmission.

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12
Q

This provides error-free data frame transmission.

A

Data Link Layer (DLL)

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13
Q

What happens at the DLL?

A

Data is formatted correctly.

Data delivered reliably.

MAC Addresses and Ethernet frames exist here.

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14
Q

What is a collision on DLL?

A

2 nodes on a network try to transmit on a network simultaneously.

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15
Q

What will happen when a collision occurs?

A

Both computers will stop transmitting.

Will wait random amount of time before transmitting again.

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16
Q

What are the DLL technologies?

A

Ethernet
Token Ring
WiFi
NIC card

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17
Q

What does the Hub (Layer1) do in the DLL?

A

Broadcasts to all ports regardless of recipient.

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18
Q

What does the Switch (Layer 2) do in the DLL?

A

Learns which computer is connected to each port - only forwards intended messages.

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19
Q

What is the purpose of the Network Layer?

A

Takes care of connectivity and path selection (routing). This is where IPv4 and IPv6 exist.

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20
Q

What are the technologies within the Network Layer?

A

Routers
-Hardware
-Motherboard
-CPU
-Input/Output Ports

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21
Q

What does memory within the Network Layer contain?

A

Startup configurations
Operating system
Routing tables

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22
Q

What is packet sniffing?

A

Unintended recipient reads the message.

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23
Q

Are hubs intelligent?

A

NO

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24
Q

Are switches intelligent?

A

YES

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25
Q

Does a hub broadcast messages to all computers on a LAN?

A

YES

26
Q

How do we send a message to a computer outside our network?

A

Internet Protocol

27
Q

What is Internet Protocol 4 (IPv4)?

A

4th version protocol for connectionless data transmission on packet-switched internetworks.

28
Q

IPv4 addresses have how many bits/bytes?

A

32 bits / 4 bytes

29
Q

Each byte contains numbers between this.

A

0 - 255

30
Q

What is a subnet mask indicate?

A

Indicates if address is part of local network or connected to a physical network.

31
Q

What is a Transmission Control Protocol?

A

Communication standard used in conjunction with the Internet.

32
Q

What is TCP used for?

A

Reliable delivery of data over a network connection.

33
Q

What is TCP used with?

A

World Wide Web, email and FTP.

34
Q

How is error detection identified in TCP?

A

A checksum is used.

35
Q

What does CRC32 mean?

A

Cyclic Redundancy Check with 32 bit checksum

36
Q

What happens if there is not acknowledgement received?

A

Packet is resent.

37
Q

What happens if the receiving computer detects an error?

A

No acknowledgement.

38
Q

What is a solution to determine packets are reassembled in the right order?

A

Each packet contains a sequence number.

39
Q

In regards to transmission errors under the Transport Layer, what happens if an acknowledgement arrives with an error?

A

Checksum reviewed
Error noted
Acknowledgement discarded
Packet resent
Recipient discards packet
Acknowledgement sent

40
Q

What happens if a duplicate packet is sent?

A

Receiver discards duplicate
Receiver sends acknowledgement for all packets

41
Q

What is UDP?

A

User Datagram Protocol - used for faster communication & compromises on error checking.
Used by VoIP & Video

42
Q

What port is Domain Name System (DNS)?

A

Port 53

43
Q

What port is Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) & Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)?

A

Port 67 and 68

44
Q

What port is Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)?

A

Port 69

45
Q

What is Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)?

A

Ports 162 & 163

46
Q

What port is Routing Information Protocol (RIP-1, RIP02, RIPng)?

A

Ports 520 & 521

47
Q

What port is Network File System (NFS)?

A

Port 2049

48
Q

Transport Layer accepts a message from this layer and then passes where?

A

Transport Layer passes from the Session Layer, splits message into smaller frames, and passes frames to Network Layer.

49
Q

What is the purpose of the Session Layer?

A

Takes care of establishing, managing, and termination of sessions between two hosts.
Browsing a website on the internet you are probably not the only user of the webserver hosting that website. The webserver keeps track of all the different sessions.

50
Q

What does session support?

A

Security
Name recognition
Logging
Multiple communication sessions with one computer (multiple channels or ports)

51
Q

What are the ports in the Session Layer?

A

FTP
TELNET
SMTP
HTTP
POP3

52
Q

What are the source ports range for Session Layer?

A

1024 - 65535

53
Q

What port is FTP?

A

20 & 21

54
Q

What port is TELNET?

A

23

55
Q

What port is SMTP?

A

25

56
Q

What port is HTTP?

A

80

57
Q

What port is POP3?

A

110

58
Q

What is the purpose of the Presentation Layer?

A

Data conversion
Compression
Encryption
Character code translation (ASCII)

59
Q

What is the goal of the Presentation Layer?

A

Represent data in a meaningful way regardless of the computer

60
Q

What is the purpose of the Application Layer?

A

Interacts with applications

61
Q

What are the applications Layer 7 Application Layer interacts with?

A

Email (SMTP)
Remote file access
Remote printer access
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Network management

Networking Investigations (1 decks)

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