The Origins of Urbanization Flashcards
Agriculture
- domestication of plants and animals
- food production, fiber, and labor
- during neolithic revolution
Çatalhöyük
A mound on a plain like Göbekli
Approx. 8000 people lived together
No ritual center
Some evidence of agriculture Not animal domestication until near the end
Multiple build episodes
Inhabited for over a thousand years
Cattle cult
Cows buried in megalithic stone structures
Cities
permanent and densely settled place
Domesticated
- plants and animals selectively bred and adapted to live w humans
Göbeklitepe
Appears to reject the agriculture hypothesis
Wheat domestication AFTER Gobekli
Site is on prominent location in plain
Has megalithic structures
Stela: standing stone slab monument, usually carved
Absolutely no evidence of agriculture
Megalithic structure
- large stone constructions for ceremonial or religious
- mega large lithic stone
- stonehenge england
- globekli tepe turkey
- carnac stones france
- lead to sedentary lifestyle
Neolithic Revolution
- shift foraging to farming
- marxist theory
- domestication of plants and animals
- food storage ownership inequality and power dynamics
Origins of Inequality
began w agriculture, surplus food production, storage resources, private ownership, social heirachies, roles, power dynamics
Sedentary
lifestyle ppl stay in one place for long periods instead of moving around
urbanization
populations move from rural to cities, growth and devlop of urban
Stela (Stelae/es)
stone or wooden slab taller than wise for commemorative purposed like graves or tombs
maya edyptian mesopatamisns
surplus
extra food allowed for future use (winters and droughts) population groweth specialization (focus on more than farming)
trade
social inequality
What is the current hypothesis for the beginning of urbanization at a site like Göbeklitepe that clearly has not domestication of animals or plants?
- ritual and religion practices drove urbanization
- social
What does the climate have to do with urbanization beginning around 10kya?
- Correlation between warmth and sedentary life
What does Göbeklitepe tell us about urbanization? What do the Göbekli stelae tell us about the site of Göbeklitepe and its meaning to the people who built it?
It tells us that agriculture is not necessary for urbanization. Stelae shows us that a huge amount of labor and organization was needed to build it and that it held spiritual importance.
What does Çatalhöyük tell us about urbanization? How many people lived there and for how long? What does it tell us about domestication of animals?
It tells us that importance can drive urbanization. 8000 people lived there for over 1000 years. It tells us that importance of animals comes before domestication (i.e. cattle).
