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History - superpower relations and the cold war > The Origins of the Cold War - Chapter 1 > Flashcards

The Origins of the Cold War - Chapter 1 Flashcards

Early tension between East and West

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1
Q

What do capitalists believe?

A

Everyone should be free to own property and business and make money.

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2
Q

What do communists believe?

A

All property should belong to the state so that every member of society has a fair share.

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3
Q

Who did the ‘Grand Alliance’ consist of?

A

Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill (USSR, USA, UK)

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4
Q

When did the Tehran conference take place?

A

November 1943

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5
Q

Who did Roosevelt tend to side with in the Tehran conference?

A

Stalin rather than Churchill.

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6
Q

What was agreed in the Tehran conference regarding a second front?

A

Britain and USA agreed to open a second front by invading France in May 1944.

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7
Q

What was agreed in the Tehran conference regarding Japan?

A

The Soviet Union was to wage war against Japan after Germany was defeated.

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8
Q

What was agreed in the Tehran conference regarding the UN?

A

A United Nations organisation was to be set up.

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9
Q

What was agreed in the Tehran conference regarding Poland’s borders?

A

Poland’s borders are to be moved westwards - gaining territory from Germany and losing territory to the USSR.

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10
Q

When did the Yalta Conference take place?

A

February 1945.

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11
Q

What was agreed in the Yalta conference regarding Nazi criminals?/

A

They were to be hunted down and tried in an international court of justice.

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12
Q

What was agreed in the Yalta conference regarding Germany?

A

Germany would be divided into four zones: US, British, French and Soviet : Berlin would be divided in the same way.

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13
Q

What was agreed in the Yalta conference regarding countries liberated from occupation by the German army?

A

They were allowed to have free elections to choose the government they wanted but would be under a soviet “sphere of influence”.

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14
Q

When did the Potsdam conference take place?

A

July - August 1945.

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15
Q

What happened to Roosevelt before the Potsdam Conference took place?

A

He died in April 1945 and was replaced by his Vice-President Harry Truman.

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16
Q

What happened to Churchill halfway through the Potsdam Conference?

A

He was defeated in the British General election and was replaced by Clement Attlee.

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17
Q

What did the Soviets do in Eastern Europe before the Potsdam Conference?

A

They liberated countries but did not remove their military presence. By July they occupied countries such as Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Lithuania, Bulgaria and more.

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18
Q

What did Stalin do in Poland before the Potsdam Conference?

A

He set up a communist government, ignoring the will of the Polish public and agreements made at the Yalta Conference.

19
Q

What happened on 16 July 1945?

A

Truman successfully tested the atomic bomb in a US desert site without consulting Stalin which infuriated him.

20
Q

What agreement was made at the Potsdam conference regarding Germany?

A

It was to be demilitarised, paying reparations, divided into four zones with the soviets in the east and France, Uk, US in the west.
Democracy was to be re-established.

21
Q

What agreement was made at the Potsdam conference regarding reparations?

A

The Soviets gained 25% of all output made by the other occupied zones as Stalin believed the USSR studied extensively in comparison.

22
Q

What agreement was made at the Potsdam Conference regarding the Nazi party?

A

The Nazi Party was banned. Leading Nazis were put on trial for war crimes in Nuremberg, 1946.

23
Q

What agreement was made at the Potsdam Conference regarding the rebuilding of Europe?

A

The Council of Foreign Ministers were to be set up for this purpose.

24
Q

Why did Stalin need Polish government to be friendly?

A

Throughout history, Poland had been a corridor for attack on Russia.

25
Q

Why did Stalin need Soviet expanision in Eastern Europe regarding interwar years?

A

In the years 1918-39, eastern european countries had been hostile to the Soviet Union. For example, in WW2, Hungary and Romania fought on Germany’s side against the USSR

26
Q

Why did Stalin need Soviet expanision in Eastern Europe regarding security?

A

The USSR had been invaded from the west on 2 occasions(1914 & 1941) and had suffered massively in the world wars. He wanted to create a zone of “friendly” states in Eastern Europe as a buffer against future invasions.

27
Q

What were the effects of the Long Telegram?

A

It greatly influenced Truman’s policies in the Cold War.

28
Q

What were the effects of the Novikov Telegram?

A

It hardened Stalin’s attitudes towards the USA and worsened relations.

29
Q

Who wrote the Long Telegram?

A

George Kennan, a US Ambassador

30
Q

What did the Long Telegram state? Answer 1/3

A

1)USSR was building it’s military power
2) USSR saw capitalism as a threat to be destroyed
3)Peace would not be possible between the 2 superpowers

31
Q

What did the Long Telegram state? Answer 2/3

A

1)USSR was building it’s military power
2) USSR saw capitalism as a threat to be destroyed
3)Peace would not be possible between the 2 superpowers

32
Q

What did the Long Telegram state? Answer 3/3

A

1)USSR was building it’s military power
2) USSR saw capitalism as a threat to be destroyed
3)Peace would not be possible between the 2 superpowers

33
Q

What did the Novikov Telegram state? Answer 1/3

A

1) The US wanted world domination.
2) The US was preparing it’s country for war
3) The USSR was the only country that could stand up to Russia

34
Q

What did the Novikov Telegram state? Answer 2/3

A

1) The US wanted world domination.
2) The US was preparing it’s country for war
3) The USSR was the only country that could stand up to Russia

35
Q

What did the Novikov Telegram state? Answer3 /3

A

1) The US wanted world domination.
2) The US was preparing it’s country for war
3) The USSR was the only country that could stand up to Russia

36
Q

How was Soviet control carried out in Eastern Europe?

A

Salami Tactics

37
Q

What were the countries occupied by the Soviet union and had communist governments called?

A

Satellite states

38
Q

What did the communists take over in Satellite states?

A

The civil service, the media, security and defence.

39
Q

What was a coalition government?

A

The communists shared power with other political parties.

40
Q

What happened in Poland 1947?

A

January 1947, elections were rigged to ensure communist government. The leader of the main opposition party fled to London.

41
Q

What was the difference in opinion between Truman and Stalin regarding Eastern Europe?

A

Stalin believed he could only ensure support of Eastern European countries (and therefore his country’s security) through Soviet-controlled communist governments.

Truman saw it as an attempt to spread communism throughout Europe.

42
Q

What was the “Iron Curtain”?

A

An imaginary line that divided the communist East and the capitalist West in Europe.

43
Q

What did Churchill suggest in the Iron Curtain speech?

A

An alliance between the USA and Britain to prevent further Soviet expansion.

44
Q

What were the consequences of the Iron Curtain speech?

A

Stalin saw it as provocative and worsened relations between the 2 sides in the Cold War.

History - superpower relations and the cold war (4 decks)

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