The Origins Of The Cold War Flashcards
How did the USSR go against the yalta conference
All countries freed by USSR did not have free elections, they stayed in charge
What happened at yalta
Decided all countries freed from fascism rule should decide their own government in free elections
What were the countries turned communist in 1944-1949
Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Easy Germany Hungary Poland Romania Yugoslavia
Albania-type of government and action taken
Communists took control in 1944
There was little opposition
Bulgaria- type of government and action taken
Communist coalition in 1944
Communists executed leaders of other parties
Czechoslovakia-type of government and action taken
Coalition government freely elected in 1946, communists gained power in 1948 before elections
The USSR purged civil service, Jan Masaryk was murdered and security police moved in
East Germany-type of government and action taken
Ruled directly by USSR until 1949 when it became the communist German Democratic Party
Industrial machinery, resources, scientists and technicians moved to USSR
Hungary-type of government and action taken
1945 communists got 17% of vote. 1948 communists had power
Opposition was stamped out
Poland-type of government and action taken
Coalition set up dominated by unpopular communists who ruled alone from 1947
USSR refused to have free elections
Romania-type of government and action taken
Communist peoples republic 1947
King forced to abdicate
Yugoslavia-type of government and action taken
Tito elected in 1945, a communist not controlled by USSR
expelled from cominform by USSR in 1948 because of accepting Marshall aid
What was the Truman doctrine
When Truman said “I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed initiates of by outside pressures. The free peoples of the world look to is for support in maintaining those freedoms. If we falter I our leadership, we may endanger the peace of the world”
What was the outcome of the Truman doctrine
Congress gave Truman $400 million to support Greece and Turkey against the communist threat. The threat was stopped in Greece in 1949 and Turkey held the communists off. The Truman doctrine started a new age for American foreign policy, it meant that they were going to stand up to communism
What was the Marshall plan
It was the other half of the Truman doctrine
What did the Marshall plan mean
Economies of the west were devastated by WW2, Truman sent George Marshall over to see first hand. He said that Europe would need about $17billion to recover. Congress almost refused then Jan Masaryk was murdered by communists in Czechoslovakia. The money was given.
What happened at the Berlin blockade
Soviets wanted Germany to be kept weak, but Truman wanted a strong Germany again communism so gave Germany Marshall aid. In 1948 the three western zones merged and preparations for an independent state of west Germany were made. In 1948 new west Germany currency was made. Stalin argued that it was against Potsdam. As Berlin was inside soviet zone, on the 23 June 1948 all routes into Berlin from the west were blocked, so no foo could enter and the west would be forced to withdraw
How did the west react to the Berlin blockade
They flew in supplies from the west. 4,000 tonnes were needed per day. At first only 600 tonnes a day, but when by 1949 8,000 tonnes were being flown in.
How did Stalin try to stop the planes coming into Berlin
He tries to persuade west Berliners to join East Berlin by cutting off the electricity and bribing them, however only 2% did. Stalin thought about attacking the planes but it would be a declaration of war and he was afraid of the USA’s nucleus bombs. On 12 May 1949 Stalin gave up and lifted the blockade
What was Khruschev’s peaceful co-existence
As east and west had hydrogen bombs when Stalin died in 1953. It seemed sensible for the new soviet leader and the west to negotiate. Khruschev was willing to be friendly with the west, even though he didn’t like there ideas and way of life. He called it peaceful co-existence. A conference in Geneva was held in 1955, America, China, Britain, France and the USSR attended. Not much was decided but it was a turning point
