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History 1- Cold War > The origins of the cold war > Flashcards

The origins of the cold war Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the different ideologies between US and USSR

A

Capitalism Vs Communism

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2
Q

Key diffs between capitalism and communism
Ownership
Speech
Rights

A

Capitalist-
Private ownership and personal rights and freedom of speech
Communism-
Government ownership, Freedom of speech was restricted and state decided rights

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3
Q

When was the Tehran conference

A

November 1943

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4
Q

What was agreed at the Tehran conference

A

Opening a second front against Nazi forces

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5
Q

When was the Yalta conference

A

February 1945

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6
Q

What was wanted by each country at yalta (3)

A

How Germany should be dealt with after the war:
- Soviet Union gets eastern european countries- USST
- UN would be created for peacekeeping- USA
- Preserve Britain’s power and limit USSR’s influence- Britain

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7
Q

What key DECISIONS were made at yalta

A
  • Eastern Europe would be the Soviet’s sphere of influence
  • Germany and berlin split into 4 zones
  • UN replace the League of nations
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8
Q

When was the potsdam conference

A

July 1945

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9
Q

Who was US President at the potsdam conference and who was it before

A

Before it was Roosevelt and now it was Truman

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10
Q

Who was UK PM at potsdam and who was it before

A

Before it was Churchill and now it was Clement Attlee

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11
Q

What was decided at Potsdam

A

Poland boarders, Germany split into zones confirmed and they have to give back territories

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12
Q

What was the percentages deal

A

An informal agreement between superpowers in October 1944 of how to split countries. E.G. Hungary 50/50

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13
Q

How/ Why did relations at Potsdam worsen (3)

A
  • US did the nuke without telling USSR
  • Truman was more suspicious of the USSR and less willing to compromise
  • Disagreements about Germany- Stalin wanted to keep it weak, Truman worried this would leave it open to soviet expansion
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14
Q

Why did the USSR not like capitalism

A

They thought it lead to the unfair exploitation of workers and unfair distribution of wealth.

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15
Q

What did the dropping of the atomic bombs mean in terms of relations w/ USSR with an example.

A

The US didnt need USSR and this was shown by the USSR not being allowed to join the US occupation of Japan. Sent a signal that the US was better of alone (slay) and it started a deep mistrust between the US and USSR

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16
Q

What years did US and USSR get nukes

A

US- 1945
USSR-1949

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17
Q

What did the atomic bomb do for rivalry between US and USSR

A

It increased the rivalry and sped up the development of new destructive technology (arms race)

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18
Q

What was the long telegram

A

Telegram from (US embassy IN MOSCOW) saying that USSR saw US as an enemy and that they wanted to expand. Saw that communism and capitalism couldnt coexist.

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19
Q

When was Churchill’s iron curtain speech

A

March 1946

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20
Q

What were the key points in the iron curtain speech

A

The grand alliance was officially broken down, USSR was now a threat not an ally to the USA

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21
Q

Why did the soviet union want to expand (3)

A
  • To create a buffer zone between east and west
  • To milk resources from
  • Sphere of influence
22
Q

What countries did the USSR want to expand in to

A

Poland, Bosnia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgarie

23
Q

How did soviet expansion take place (short)

A

Salami tactics

24
Q

What were salami tactics and what were the steps (5) taken by USST to do salami tactics

A

Salami tactics were the USSR taking over countries bit by bit so no one would notice. These were the steps they took:
- Political infiltration- get a soviet guy to run for govt and make him win
- Propoganda- make citizen’s views align w urs
- Economic dependency- Do trade deals and offer loans so that they dont leave u
- Military presence- like bases so they know not to mess around
- Cultural/ soft power- make media and citizens sympathetic to your ideologies

25
Q

How did the USSR justify expansion and how did GB and US respond

A

Said its for security
GB and US called bs and said it was because they wanted to spread their ideologies

26
Q

What 4 key events in 1946 lead to the deterioration of superpower relations and give details

A
  • February- Stalin speech:
    = Said that Capitalism was why WW2 started and communism was the only way because it was ‘tried and tested’
  • February- Long telegram
    = From US embassy in moscow
    = Said that USSR saw capitalism as a major threat and communism/ capitalism couldn’t co-exist
    = They saw US as an enemy
  • March- Iron curtain speech
    = Churchill said that many countries in the east are in the soviet sphere
    = highlighted the ideological divide between east and west and basically started cold war
  • Spetember- Novikov telegram
    = Sent from embassy in Washington
    = Higlighted that US wasnted to take over the world and warned Soviets that they needed to strengthen their military
27
Q

What was the marshall plan, how much spent overall, how much to britain and france

A

Economic aid given by the US to the european countries to rebuild their economy. $13 billion spent, UK getting around $3 billion, france got $2.7 billion

28
Q

What were conditions of accepting marshall plan

A

They had to allow American business to set up in their country

29
Q

What were Soviet and Britain reactions to marshall plan

A

Churchill said it’s ‘the most selfless act in history’
Soviets didnt like it and disallowed eastern european countries in their sphere of influence to accept it like Poland

30
Q

Was the marshall plan selfless or selfish

A

Selfless:
- Helped countries get back to economic stability
Selfish:
- America is taking advantage of weak europe and offering a lifeline that will benefit them in long run by expanding their economy
- They dont want the USSR to expand their sphere of influence, so they are trying to spread capitalism

31
Q

What is dollar imperialism

A

The idea that USA was creating an empire of loyal countries in Europe (using the financial aid) To help capitalism and stop communism

32
Q

Aftermath of Marshall plan

A

Reinforcing East west divide
Increased tensions
Eastern european countrie cant accept, strengthened soviet’s sphere of influence

33
Q

Marshall plan dates

A

Proposed: June 47
Put into action: April 48

34
Q

What was the truman doctrine

A

Speech by truman
= Said that it would provide political, military and economical support to nations under threat from external forces (communism)
= Was a shift in foreign policy from isolationism to active containment

35
Q

When was the truman doctrine

A

March 1947

36
Q

What was cominform

A

The communist information bureau
= Response to truman doctrine
= Way to control eastern european countries
= Helped solidify communism in eastern europe as it acted as a platform for sharing ideas and information ab communism

37
Q

How did cominform help USSR and what countries did it have

A

Made sure they had eyes over eastern europe and they stayed in line and practiced communism. 3 countries include Checkoslovakia, Hungary and Bulgaria

38
Q

When was cominform set up

A

October 1947

39
Q

What was Comecon

A

The council for mutual economic assistance
= Promoted economic co-operation between member states in the sphere of influence
=However USSR took advantage of it and used it to exert force over diff countries
= MAKE POINT ABOUT PRICES IN POLAND

40
Q

What was the berlin blockade simple

A

When stalin blocked all routes into Berlin by land and rail

41
Q

When was the Berlin blockade

A

June 48-
May 49

42
Q

Reasons for doing the Berlin blockade

A

Stalin was worried that the Western countries bit was more prosperous and secure
Stalin was concerned that the West would take advantage of being stronger and try take over Germany

43
Q

What did the west do that was so bad that made stalin want to make the berlin wall

A

Made Bizonia that scared Stalin

Used money from marshall aid to build up West Germany, so people had a visual representation of the greatness of capitalism

44
Q

What did the US do in response to the cutoff

A

They sent planes with supplies

45
Q

How much supplies were being sent by the US and how often were planes taking off

A

There was 5,000 tonnes of supplies being sent everyday by air

Every 4 minutes a plane was scheduled to take off

46
Q

How much money was spent by the Americans to keep up the supply of suplies

A

$350 million

47
Q

Why did Stalin not stop the airlift

A

He didnt want to risk a war

48
Q

How long did Berlin have food for

A

Only 36 days

49
Q

What were the consequences of the Berlin Blockade (3)

A
  • Intensification of the arms race
  • All of West Germany united
  • Formation of NATO
50
Q

Who won the election in China in 1949 and who was the leader

A

The Chinese Communist party
General Mao

51
Q
A

History 1- Cold War (3 decks)

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