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War Of The Roses (1450-1499) > The Origins of Conflict (1450-1459) > Flashcards

The Origins of Conflict (1450-1459) Flashcards

1
Q

Who took richards III’s throne, founding the Lancastrian part of the Plantagenet dystany

A

Henry IV

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2
Q

What was the Mortimer line?

A

Descended from Duke of Clarence

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3
Q

What age did Henry VI declare his majority?

A

16 years old - 1437 november

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4
Q

What is patronage

A

Power to give authority to different people

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5
Q

What is a wardship?

A

The crown controlled the money for people who are underage

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6
Q

What did Henry focus on more than running the country

A

Religion + education

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7
Q

What did Henery focus on when he was interested in government

A

Foreign Policy

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8
Q

What Territories did Henry offer to the French King

A

Anjou and Maine

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9
Q

What was the Nobel’s reactions to Henry giving away the two territories

A

Disastrously

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10
Q

What was the Governments income in 1450

A

Under £33,000

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11
Q

How much debt was the governement in 1450

A

£372,000

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12
Q

Why did England’s Debts get worse?

A

Henry was very generous to his friends

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13
Q

When did Henry suffer his first nervous breakdown?

A

1453

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14
Q

When was Hnery VI son born and what was his name

A

Edward Prince of Wales 1453

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15
Q

Who becomes the protector of England?

A

Richard Duke of York

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16
Q

Were the Percy Family on the same side as Henry IV

A

Most famous for rebelling against Henry

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17
Q

Who was Henry Hotspur (Percy Family)

A

The first son of the earl of Northumberland initially supported Henry and was generously rewarded. He turned against him and was killed in 1403

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18
Q

Significance of Henry Hotspur son - Henry Percy

A

He became heavily involved with the governemnt after marrying a Neville. The family critised the king but never showed full support to York

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19
Q

Who were the Nevilles?

A

Yorkists -

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20
Q

Neville Percy dispute

A

Lots of marriages between the two families However - in 1453 had a private war about which land each of them own. Due to the Percies losing it to the rebellion in the early 1400s

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21
Q

Who won the Neville Percy disputes

A

The Nevilles due to the Duke of York ally with the King.

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22
Q

When was Cade’s rebellion

A

Mid 1449

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23
Q

Why was there a Cades Rebellion?

A

Discontent towards the government and the loss of so much land in France. The english cloth factories relied on trading ports and they were also lost.

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24
Q

Who were the main people blamed by the Cades rebellion

A

Duke of Suffolk and Lord Saye blamed of embezzling kings money Adam Moylenswas murdered by a mob

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25
Q

Who was accused of treason in Cades rebellion and what year?

A

Duke of Suffolk - 9th January 1450

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26
Q

What happened to the Duke of Suffolk? 1450

A

His banishement from the king was seen as lienint by the government (5 years). On his way to France he was captured by Privateers and murdered

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27
Q

How did Duke of Suffolks death encourage uproar in England

A

Public order was lost in the country, added to the rebellion in Kent.

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28
Q

Who was the Duke of Suffolk

A

Willam De Pole
Held no government office
Close to Margaret
Was disliked by the common weal

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29
Q

What was the date that Henry VI abandons london in Cades Rebllion

A

25th june 1450

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30
Q

Where do the rebels camp on the 18th June 1450?

A

Blackheath

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31
Q

Who did the rebels want arrested during the cases rebellion and what was the date?

A

Arrest of Lord Saye - 19th June 1450

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32
Q

Who was Lord Saye?

A

Sherrif of France, ally with Duke of Suffolk

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33
Q

Where does Cade lead his followers?

A

Blackheath to Southwark

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34
Q

What happened on the 3rd July 1450

A

Cades rebels cross London Bridge. Hated ministers and royal servants executed. Some included Lord Saye
]

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35
Q

What happened on the 5th of July 1450

A

Londoners fight back the Rebels and win

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36
Q

What happened on the 6th July 1450

A

Settlement is reached and royal pardons are issued

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37
Q

When does Jack Cade died

A

12th July 1450

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38
Q

How did Jack Cade die?

A

He was captured and died of his wounds

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39
Q

Who was Jack Cade?>

A

Known as the “captain of Kent”
Spokesman of the rebellion
Seen as very intelligent and courageous
From lower part of society

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40
Q

21st October 1422

A

Charles VI of France Dies and his title is passed to Hnery VI. First time in History King of England is also king of another country

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41
Q

When and where did Henry VI get crowned in France?

A

Paris on the 16th Dec 1431

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42
Q

What happens in the winter of 1435-36

A

England loses control of Harfleur and Dieppe and much of upper normandy

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43
Q

What happened in May 1436

A

England loses control of Paris

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44
Q

What happened in 1439

A

Peace negotiations - realease of Duke of Orleans after 24 years captivity

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45
Q

What happened on the 28th May 14444

A

Truce of Tours - Henry VI marries Margreat of Anjou

46
Q

What happened in May 1449

A

Englands raid of Brittany

47
Q

What happened in August 1449

A

Charles Invades Normandy

48
Q

What happened on the 15th April 145-

A

Defeat of English Army at Formigny

49
Q

What happened on the 12th August 1450

A

Complete loss of Normandy

50
Q

What happened in 1451

A

England loses control of gascony

51
Q

Who was arrested for treason? for suggesting that York should be recognised as heir to the throne. And when?

A

Thomas Young
MP for Bristol
1451

52
Q

What provoked the french invasion of Normandy

A

The attack on Brittany
Charles believed he cab take Normandyj

53
Q

Two reasons why the loss of terriorty in France led to conflict in England

A
  • Weakened the Kings support
  • Fall out with yorkists and somersets
54
Q

Who surrendered Rouen and Caen

A

Somerset

55
Q

What position was York given in 1436 and what age was he?

A

Order of Garter - Age 25

56
Q

Who were Yorks Main allies?

A

Richard Neville
Earl of Sailsbury
John Talbot

57
Q

Who owed York alot of money

A

The crown

58
Q

Where was York when Cades reblellion happened?

A

Ireland

59
Q

Act of Resumption

A

A legislation which means the crown can take back certain pieces of land granted to nobels in the past by kings

60
Q

Who along with York wanted to curb somerset power

A

Parliament

61
Q

Who was the only nobel to support York in his attempt to remove Somerset

A

Earl of Devon

62
Q

When was York appointed Govenor

A

April 1445

63
Q

What is Partisanship

A

prejudice in favour of a particular cause; bias.

64
Q

2 times York showing partisanship during his first protectorate

A

Taking sides with the Nevilles
Queen Margreat

65
Q

When did Yorks first protectorate end

A

Feb 1455

66
Q

Why did Yorks First protectorate end

A

Henry Health had fully recovered

67
Q

When was the Battle of St Albans

A

22nd May 1455

68
Q

Where was the Battle of St Albans

A

St Albans

69
Q

Why was there a battle of St Albans

A

Struggle for power between the houses of Lancaster and York.

70
Q

Who was killed in St Albans battle?

A

Duke of Somerset

71
Q

Who won the Battle of St albans

A

Yorkists

72
Q

How long did the Battle of St Albans last for?

A

30 minutes

73
Q

When was Prince Edward Born

A

28th April 1442

74
Q

What disadvantages did the royals face in the St Albans battle

A

Did not have a clear view of the king and his banner

75
Q

What military advantage did the Duke of York have during the first battle of St Albans

A

The Duke of York had good judgements and good fortune

76
Q

What position was the Duke of York granted after the battle

A

The Duke of York was made constable of England

77
Q

When was the Duke of York given his second protectorate

A

19th November 1454

78
Q

Why was Yorks second protectorate short lived

A

Yorks supporters were still in the minority of government and he had little support amongst the nobles

79
Q

What was the status of Yorks supporters in government after the second protectorate

A

York supporter were still in the minority

80
Q

What limitations did York face during the second protectorate

A

Duke of York did not have as much freedom as before due to thr king being present

81
Q

How was the Duke of Yorks authority primarily supported

A

Dukes authority rested on his military might

82
Q

What challenges did York face from thr House of Lords and the queen

A

Faced opposition

83
Q

When the Duke of Somerset died who became the main opposition to York

A

The queen and the royal household

84
Q

When was The duke of York removed from his second protector ship and why

A

25th February 1456
Due to his opposition from tje queen and the House of Lords

85
Q

When was loveday

A

24th March 1458

86
Q

What was loveday

A

Was an attempt to calm to uneasy peace

87
Q

How did Henry VI attempt reconciliation between Yorkists and lancastrians on loveday

A

By allotting compensation and organising a public display

88
Q

Why did Duke of York view Loveday as a failure

A

His supporters disliked the other side even more and the two factions were still prepared to fight

89
Q

What is a proxy marriage

A

When the marriage is when a representative stands I’m for thr bride or grooom

90
Q

At what age did Margaret’s of Anjou marry Henry VI

A

15

91
Q

What influence did Charles VII of France hope Margreat could have over the king of England

A

Influence Henry to surrender Maine

92
Q

When and where was Margaret of Anjou born

A

23/24th of March 1430 in france

93
Q

When did negotiations for Margaret’s marriage to Henry VI begin, and when was the marriage treaty agreed upon?

A

1439, and the marriage treaty was agreed on 22 May 1444.

94
Q

When did the marriage ceremony between Margaret of Anjou and Henry VI take place?

A

22 April at Titchfield Abbey.

95
Q

What factor marred the early years of Margaret of Anjou’s marriage to Henry VI?

A

The lack of producing an heir was a cause of great concern.

96
Q

With whom did Margaret forge friendships in the English aristocracy?

A

Margaret formed a friendship with the Duke of Suffolk and his wife.

97
Q

What damaging rumors circulated about Margaret and the Duke of Suffolk?

A

Rumors suggested a romantic relationship, but they have no foundation.

98
Q

What challenges did Margaret face after the birth of her son?

A

She faced the serious problem of Henry VI’s debilitating illness and sought to stabilize her own position and that of her son.

99
Q

: How did Margaret view Richard, Duke of York, in the political landscape?

A

Margaret quickly regarded Richard, Duke of York, as a threat to the Lancastrian dynasty.

100
Q

Who was her ally against York in the years leading up to the First Battle of St Albans?

A

She saw the Duke of Somerset as her ally against York

101
Q

Where did Margaret move the royal court, and why was it considered a smart move?

A

Margaret moved the royal court to the Midlands, a strategic move to be closer to Duchy of Lancaster and earldom of Chester’s resources.

102
Q

How did Margaret demonstrate her authority during a meeting of the Great Council in Coventry in 1456-57?

A

Members were expected to show her the same deference as they would to the king.

103
Q

Who were Margaret’s overt allies against Richard, Duke of York?

A

Earls of Shrewsbury and Wiltshire, the sons of the Dukes of Somerset and Northumberland, and Lord Clifford.

104
Q

Who were Henry VI’s half-brothers working to weaken the influence of the Duke of York?

A

Jasper and Edmund Tudor were Henry VI’s half-brothers working in Wales and the Marches.

105
Q

How did Henry VI attempt to keep the peace among nobles, and what were the consequences? In

A

Henry VI attempted to keep the peace but failed, leading to private wars among nobles.

106
Q

What impact did the private wars have on the general population

A

The uncertainty over the running of the country and disputes affected those living in disputed areas, disrupting daily life.

107
Q

Why was the government of the country affected during the Wars of the Roses?

A

Weak government and an ineffective king led to nobles fighting among themselves, disrupting the government’s ability to serve the common good.

108
Q

What was the impact of the unrest on the “common weal”?

A

The uncertainty and disputes disrupted the common good, with unresolved issues leading to unrest and rebellion, such as Cade’s rebellion.

109
Q

What was the typical treatment of widows of traitors during the Wars of the Roses?

A

Widows were usually allowed to keep their inheritances but forfeited their husband’s estate

110
Q

By 1459, how had factional rivalries impacted English society, and what was the nature of the impact?

A

The impact was limited and short-term, affecting certain pockets of society. Aristocratic families on the losing side experienced loss of land, possessions, and titles.

War Of The Roses (1450-1499) (4 decks)

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