The Origins of Conflict (1450-1459) Flashcards
1
Q
Who took richards III’s throne, founding the Lancastrian part of the Plantagenet dystany
A
Henry IV
2
Q
What was the Mortimer line?
A
Descended from Duke of Clarence
3
Q
What age did Henry VI declare his majority?
A
16 years old - 1437 november
4
Q
What is patronage
A
Power to give authority to different people
5
Q
What is a wardship?
A
The crown controlled the money for people who are underage
6
Q
What did Henry focus on more than running the country
A
Religion + education
7
Q
What did Henery focus on when he was interested in government
A
Foreign Policy
8
Q
What Territories did Henry offer to the French King
A
Anjou and Maine
9
Q
What was the Nobel’s reactions to Henry giving away the two territories
A
Disastrously
10
Q
What was the Governments income in 1450
A
Under £33,000
11
Q
How much debt was the governement in 1450
A
£372,000
12
Q
Why did England’s Debts get worse?
A
Henry was very generous to his friends
13
Q
When did Henry suffer his first nervous breakdown?
A
1453
14
Q
When was Hnery VI son born and what was his name
A
Edward Prince of Wales 1453
15
Q
Who becomes the protector of England?
A
Richard Duke of York
16
Q
Were the Percy Family on the same side as Henry IV
A
Most famous for rebelling against Henry
17
Q
Who was Henry Hotspur (Percy Family)
A
The first son of the earl of Northumberland initially supported Henry and was generously rewarded. He turned against him and was killed in 1403
18
Q
Significance of Henry Hotspur son - Henry Percy
A
He became heavily involved with the governemnt after marrying a Neville. The family critised the king but never showed full support to York
19
Q
Who were the Nevilles?
A
Yorkists -
20
Q
Neville Percy dispute
A
Lots of marriages between the two families However - in 1453 had a private war about which land each of them own. Due to the Percies losing it to the rebellion in the early 1400s
21
Q
Who won the Neville Percy disputes
A
The Nevilles due to the Duke of York ally with the King.
22
Q
When was Cade’s rebellion
A
Mid 1449
23
Q
Why was there a Cades Rebellion?
A
Discontent towards the government and the loss of so much land in France. The english cloth factories relied on trading ports and they were also lost.
24
Q
Who were the main people blamed by the Cades rebellion
A
Duke of Suffolk and Lord Saye blamed of embezzling kings money Adam Moylenswas murdered by a mob
25
Who was accused of treason in Cades rebellion and what year?
Duke of Suffolk - 9th January 1450
26
What happened to the Duke of Suffolk? 1450
His banishement from the king was seen as lienint by the government (5 years). On his way to France he was captured by Privateers and murdered
27
How did Duke of Suffolks death encourage uproar in England
Public order was lost in the country, added to the rebellion in Kent.
28
Who was the Duke of Suffolk
Willam De Pole
Held no government office
Close to Margaret
Was disliked by the common weal
29
What was the date that Henry VI abandons london in Cades Rebllion
25th june 1450
30
Where do the rebels camp on the 18th June 1450?
Blackheath
31
Who did the rebels want arrested during the cases rebellion and what was the date?
Arrest of Lord Saye - 19th June 1450
32
Who was Lord Saye?
Sherrif of France, ally with Duke of Suffolk
33
Where does Cade lead his followers?
Blackheath to Southwark
34
What happened on the 3rd July 1450
Cades rebels cross London Bridge. Hated ministers and royal servants executed. Some included Lord Saye
]
35
What happened on the 5th of July 1450
Londoners fight back the Rebels and win
36
What happened on the 6th July 1450
Settlement is reached and royal pardons are issued
37
When does Jack Cade died
12th July 1450
38
How did Jack Cade die?
He was captured and died of his wounds
39
Who was Jack Cade?>
Known as the "captain of Kent"
Spokesman of the rebellion
Seen as very intelligent and courageous
From lower part of society
40
21st October 1422
Charles VI of France Dies and his title is passed to Hnery VI. First time in History King of England is also king of another country
41
When and where did Henry VI get crowned in France?
Paris on the 16th Dec 1431
42
What happens in the winter of 1435-36
England loses control of Harfleur and Dieppe and much of upper normandy
43
What happened in May 1436
England loses control of Paris
44
What happened in 1439
Peace negotiations - realease of Duke of Orleans after 24 years captivity
45
What happened on the 28th May 14444
Truce of Tours - Henry VI marries Margreat of Anjou
46
What happened in May 1449
Englands raid of Brittany
47
What happened in August 1449
Charles Invades Normandy
48
What happened on the 15th April 145-
Defeat of English Army at Formigny
49
What happened on the 12th August 1450
Complete loss of Normandy
50
What happened in 1451
England loses control of gascony
51
Who was arrested for treason? for suggesting that York should be recognised as heir to the throne. And when?
Thomas Young
MP for Bristol
1451
52
What provoked the french invasion of Normandy
The attack on Brittany
Charles believed he cab take Normandyj
53
Two reasons why the loss of terriorty in France led to conflict in England
- Weakened the Kings support
- Fall out with yorkists and somersets
54
Who surrendered Rouen and Caen
Somerset
55
What position was York given in 1436 and what age was he?
Order of Garter - Age 25
56
Who were Yorks Main allies?
Richard Neville
Earl of Sailsbury
John Talbot
57
Who owed York alot of money
The crown
58
Where was York when Cades reblellion happened?
Ireland
59
Act of Resumption
A legislation which means the crown can take back certain pieces of land granted to nobels in the past by kings
60
Who along with York wanted to curb somerset power
Parliament
61
Who was the only nobel to support York in his attempt to remove Somerset
Earl of Devon
62
When was York appointed Govenor
April 1445
63
What is Partisanship
prejudice in favour of a particular cause; bias.
64
2 times York showing partisanship during his first protectorate
Taking sides with the Nevilles
Queen Margreat
65
When did Yorks first protectorate end
Feb 1455
66
Why did Yorks First protectorate end
Henry Health had fully recovered
67
When was the Battle of St Albans
22nd May 1455
68
Where was the Battle of St Albans
St Albans
69
Why was there a battle of St Albans
Struggle for power between the houses of Lancaster and York.
70
Who was killed in St Albans battle?
Duke of Somerset
71
Who won the Battle of St albans
Yorkists
72
How long did the Battle of St Albans last for?
30 minutes
73
When was Prince Edward Born
28th April 1442
74
What disadvantages did the royals face in the St Albans battle
Did not have a clear view of the king and his banner
75
What military advantage did the Duke of York have during the first battle of St Albans
The Duke of York had good judgements and good fortune
76
What position was the Duke of York granted after the battle
The Duke of York was made constable of England
77
When was the Duke of York given his second protectorate
19th November 1454
78
Why was Yorks second protectorate short lived
Yorks supporters were still in the minority of government and he had little support amongst the nobles
79
What was the status of Yorks supporters in government after the second protectorate
York supporter were still in the minority
80
What limitations did York face during the second protectorate
Duke of York did not have as much freedom as before due to thr king being present
81
How was the Duke of Yorks authority primarily supported
Dukes authority rested on his military might
82
What challenges did York face from thr House of Lords and the queen
Faced opposition
83
When the Duke of Somerset died who became the main opposition to York
The queen and the royal household
84
When was The duke of York removed from his second protector ship and why
25th February 1456
Due to his opposition from tje queen and the House of Lords
85
When was loveday
24th March 1458
86
What was loveday
Was an attempt to calm to uneasy peace
87
How did Henry VI attempt reconciliation between Yorkists and lancastrians on loveday
By allotting compensation and organising a public display
88
Why did Duke of York view Loveday as a failure
His supporters disliked the other side even more and the two factions were still prepared to fight
89
What is a proxy marriage
When the marriage is when a representative stands I’m for thr bride or grooom
90
At what age did Margaret’s of Anjou marry Henry VI
15
91
What influence did Charles VII of France hope Margreat could have over the king of England
Influence Henry to surrender Maine
92
When and where was Margaret of Anjou born
23/24th of March 1430 in france
93
When did negotiations for Margaret's marriage to Henry VI begin, and when was the marriage treaty agreed upon?
1439, and the marriage treaty was agreed on 22 May 1444.
94
When did the marriage ceremony between Margaret of Anjou and Henry VI take place?
22 April at Titchfield Abbey.
95
What factor marred the early years of Margaret of Anjou's marriage to Henry VI?
The lack of producing an heir was a cause of great concern.
96
With whom did Margaret forge friendships in the English aristocracy?
Margaret formed a friendship with the Duke of Suffolk and his wife.
97
What damaging rumors circulated about Margaret and the Duke of Suffolk?
Rumors suggested a romantic relationship, but they have no foundation.
98
What challenges did Margaret face after the birth of her son?
She faced the serious problem of Henry VI's debilitating illness and sought to stabilize her own position and that of her son.
99
: How did Margaret view Richard, Duke of York, in the political landscape?
Margaret quickly regarded Richard, Duke of York, as a threat to the Lancastrian dynasty.
100
Who was her ally against York in the years leading up to the First Battle of St Albans?
She saw the Duke of Somerset as her ally against York
101
Where did Margaret move the royal court, and why was it considered a smart move?
Margaret moved the royal court to the Midlands, a strategic move to be closer to Duchy of Lancaster and earldom of Chester's resources.
102
How did Margaret demonstrate her authority during a meeting of the Great Council in Coventry in 1456-57?
Members were expected to show her the same deference as they would to the king.
103
Who were Margaret's overt allies against Richard, Duke of York?
Earls of Shrewsbury and Wiltshire, the sons of the Dukes of Somerset and Northumberland, and Lord Clifford.
104
Who were Henry VI's half-brothers working to weaken the influence of the Duke of York?
Jasper and Edmund Tudor were Henry VI's half-brothers working in Wales and the Marches.
105
How did Henry VI attempt to keep the peace among nobles, and what were the consequences? In
Henry VI attempted to keep the peace but failed, leading to private wars among nobles.
106
What impact did the private wars have on the general population
The uncertainty over the running of the country and disputes affected those living in disputed areas, disrupting daily life.
107
Why was the government of the country affected during the Wars of the Roses?
Weak government and an ineffective king led to nobles fighting among themselves, disrupting the government's ability to serve the common good.
108
What was the impact of the unrest on the "common weal"?
The uncertainty and disputes disrupted the common good, with unresolved issues leading to unrest and rebellion, such as Cade's rebellion.
109
What was the typical treatment of widows of traitors during the Wars of the Roses?
Widows were usually allowed to keep their inheritances but forfeited their husband's estate
110
By 1459, how had factional rivalries impacted English society, and what was the nature of the impact?
The impact was limited and short-term, affecting certain pockets of society. Aristocratic families on the losing side experienced loss of land, possessions, and titles.
