The Origin of Life Flashcards
The hypothesis for the origin of eukaryotes through serial endosymbiosis proposes that
Select one:
a. Genes in mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to genes of ancient eukaryotes
b. Eukaryotes likely evolved from the fusion of small prokaryotic and small eukaryotic cells
c. The ancestors of mitochondria were aerobic prokaryotes and the ancestors of chloroplasts were photosynthetic prokaryotes.
d. Eukaryotes and prokaryotes originated at the same time
e. Mitochondria and chloroplasts replicate in a similar manner to eukaryotes
C.
Eukaryotes emerged from prokaryotes (bacteria)
Bacteria that can produce energy from oxygen- aerobic- were engulfed by larger prokaryotes- became mitochondria
Bacteria that can photosynthesize were engulfed by larger prokaryotes, which then became chloroplasts
mitochondria came before chloroplast
Approximately how far back in time does the fossil record extend?
Select one:
a. 3.7 billion years
b. 3.7 million years
c. 2.7 billion years
d. 5.0 million years
e. 5.0 billion years
A
3.7 bya
earliest direct evidence= stromatolites
Stanley Miller’s 1953 experiments demonstrated that:
Select one:
a. Life arose on Earth from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes
b. The conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life
c. Life arose on Earth from simple inorganic molecules
d. Organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth
e. The conditions on early Earth were conducive to the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules
conducive means making a certain situation likely to happen or possible
D.
Which of the following supports the arguments that viruses are non-living?
Select one:
a. They do not evolve
b. They have RNA rather than DNA
c. They mutate rapidly
d. They are not able to reproduce or carry out metabolism outside of a host cell
e. They do not have DNA
D.
Which of the following is true of viruses?
Select one:
a. They use the host cell to copy themselves and make viral proteins
b. They use the host cell to copy themselves and then viruses synthesize their own proteins
c. They metabolize food and produce their own ATP
d. They manufacture their own ATP, proteins, and nucleic acids
e. They copy themselves but are unable to make proteins
A
Which listing of geological periods is in the correct order, from oldest to most recent?
Select one:
a. Permian, Cambrian, Cretaceous, Devonian
b. Devonian, Permian, Cretaceous, Cambrian
c. Permian, Cretaceous, Devonian, Cambrian
d. Cambrian, Devonian, Permian, Cretaceous
e. Cambrian, Devonian, Cretaceous, Permian
D.
Cambrian- first part of phanerozoic eon. diverse explosion of animal phyla
Devonian- first tetrapods (move from water to land) and insects
Permian- mass extinction of marine and terrestrial organisms at the end of the period, rise of reptiles(dinosaurs)
Cretaceous- the rise of flowers, mass extinction of animals mostly dinosaurs in the phanerozoic eon,
Which of the following is NOT evidence supporting the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Select one:
a. They can carry out transcription and translation
b. They contain circular DNA
c. Their replication is similar to that of prokaryotes
d. They do not have ribosomes
e. Their membranes are similar to prokaryotes
D.
Incorrect because mitochondria and chloroplasts have ribosomes
5 evidence similar to bacteria
- replication
- circular DNA
- inner membrane
- transcript and translate
- ribosomes
The atmosphere of early Earth probably contained no oxygen until the emergence of:
Select one:
a. The first land plants
b. The first viruses
c. The first photosynthesizing prokaryotes
d. The first eukaryotic organisms
e. The first aerobic bacteria
C.
Photosynthesizing prokaryotes- oxygen revolution
The first terrestrial organisms probably were which of the following:
- Prokaryotes
- Eukaryotes
- Plants
- Animals
- Photosynthetic
Select one:
a. 2, 3, and 5
b. 3 and 5
c. 2 and 5
d. 2 and 4
e. 1 and 5
E
