the origin and organization of life

Question 1

miller urey experiment

Answer 1

formed amino acids and other organic molecules from inorganic sources

Question 2

hierarchical levels

Answer 2

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species ( dear, king philip came over for good spaghetti)

Question 3

domains

Answer 3

bacteria, archea, eukarya

Question 4

kingdoms

Answer 4

plantae (multi. eukaryotic) amimalia (multi, eukaryotic), fungi (multi, eukaryotic), protista (eukaryotic, uni. & multi. cellular), eubacteria (uni., prokaryotic), archaebacteria (uni., prokaryotic)

Question 5

binomial nomenclature

Answer 5

“Genus species” (italicized)

Question 6

monophyletic

Answer 6

has ancestral species and descendants

Question 7

paraphyletic

Answer 7

ancestral species and some descendants

Question 8

polyphyletic

Answer 8

no ancestral species and no descendants

Question 9

shared ancestral character

Answer 9

character originated in the ancestor of the taxon

Question 10

shared derives character

Answer 10

unique to particular clade

Question 11

prokaryotes

Answer 11

no membrane bound nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, cyanbacteria, first cells on earth

Question 12

eukaryotes

Answer 12

bound nucleus, internal membrane bound organelles, 2nd cells on earth

Question 13

enodosymbiotic theory: evolution of mitochondria & chloroplasts

Answer 13

evolved from bacteria, mitochondria came from engulfing heterotrophic bacteria, chlorophasts came from engulfing autotrophic bacteria

Question 14

protosome

Answer 14

eight cell stage (spiral & determinable) solid masses of mesoderm split for coelom, mouth develops form blastopore (PMA)

Question 15

deuterostome

Answer 15

radial and intermediate, folds of archenteron form coelom, anus develops from blastpore (DAM) ex: chordata, eohinodermata

Question 16

body symmetry

Answer 16

asymmetrical (no symmetry), radial (cuts along diameters generate mirror image halves), bilateral (one cut alone a plane called medical sagittal plane produces left & right mirror image halves)

Question 17

body layers

Answer 17

diploblastic: 2 layers - ectoderm (outer epidermis) endoderm (lining of digestive tract) ex: chidaria

triploblastic: 3 layers - ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm (bone, muscle, internal organs)

Question 18

body cavities

Answer 18

coelomates : fluid filled body cavity with lining derived from mesoderm

pseudocoelum: fluid filled body cavity partially lined with tissues from mesoderm

acoelomates: triploblastic animals that lack body cavity between digestive tract & body wall

coelum: lined by epithelium from mesoderm. cavity allows organs to move freely and grow.

Question 19

porifera ex: sponges

Answer 19

asymmetrical

Question 20

enidaria ex: jelly fish

Answer 20

radial

Question 21

platyhelminthes ex: flatworm

Answer 21

protosome, acelomate, bilateral, 3 body layers

Question 22

rotifera ex: rotifera

Answer 22

protosome, pseudocoelum, bilateral, 3 body layers

Question 23

mollusca ex: snail

Answer 23

protosome, coelom, bilateral, 3 body layers

Question 24

annelida ex: leeches

Answer 24

protosome, coelomates, bilateral, 3 body layers

Question 25

nematoda ex: roundworms

Answer 25

protosome, pseudocoelum, bilateral, 3 body layers

Question 26

arthopoda ex: insects

Answer 26

protosome, coelom, bilateral, 3 body layers

Question 27

eohinodermata ex: sea stars

Answer 27

deuterostome, coelom, small-bilateral & big-radial, 3 body layers

Question 28

chordata ex: mammals

Answer 28

deuterosome, coelomates, bilateral, 3 body layers

Question 29

characteristics of chordates

Answer 29

notochord, central nervous system, pharyngeal chefts, muscular post anal tail