The origin and evolution of life Flashcards
How was Aristotle proven wrong?
By covering a jar(that had meat in it) with a cork and you could see that no flies came out. With an open jar the flies got in and laid their eggs
What was Pasteur’s experiment?
In two swan-neck flasks he put water, he then let htem both boil. With water coming in the neck, no organisms could enter. In the other one he removed the neck and organism growth occurd
Process that led to become cells
Protocells→Primitive cells→Prokaryotic cells→Eukaryotic cells
What is punctuated equilibrium?
Species are formed rapidly in leaps and bounds. In many cases it takes places after catastrophe
Who’s theory was spontenous generation and what did it say?
Spontenous generation was invented by Aristotle in 384-322 BC, he claimed that life originated from non-living things.
What is the origin of life theories we use now?
Chemical evolution and biological evolution.
What is chemical evolution?
Chemical evolution reffers to the process that make up living things (the biomolecules), and then formed structures called protocells
Name some of the characteristics of abiogenic theory.
Oxygen free atomosphere filled with other gasses(hydrogen, ammonia, water vapour..)
There was primorial soup.
It’s energy source was ultraviolet radiation and electrical energy from violent storms.
Simple molecules accumulated in ponds and seas creating the biomolecules, they eventually organised, creating the coacervates(protocells)
What is the present day hipothesis?
That life could have originated from hypothermal vents
endosymbiotic theory
Ancestors of mitochondria and plastids was prokaryotes that came to live in a host cell.
What are the fixist theories?
- God created every species on earth, and they never evolved
- Catastrophism; species had died out due to catastrophes. Fossils never were pre-existing forms of current species.
What is the actualism/gradualism theory?
Species are slowly created(Lyell), new species are the result of -accumulation of changes-
What is Lamarack’s theory of life?
If an organism changes during life in order to adapt to its enviorment, those changes are then passed on to offspring
What is the theory of darwanism?
The best adapted ones to the enviorment(the ones who survive) transfer their traits to their offspring
What is neo-darwanism?
Natural selection does not affect an isolated individual, it affects population the individual belongs. Reason or variation is: Sexual reproduction, genetic recombination and mutations
