The organization of genomes

Question 1

how is our genome organized in a karyotype?

Answer 1

In a human karyotype, autosomes or “body chromosomes” (all of the non–sex chromosomes) are generally organized in approximate order of size from largest (chromosome 1) to smallest (chromosome 22).

Question 2

What is a karyotype?

Answer 2

A karyotype is an individual’s complete set of chromosomes

Question 3

Homologs and sister chromatids

Answer 3

Homologs: Homologs are a set of one maternal and one Paternal chromosome that pair up with one another during meiosis. are the same size, share the same genes at the same locations but CAN have different alleles because one half is from the male and the other from the female. They are also not connected by a centromere before replication

Sister Chromatids: A full set is created during the S phase of Interphase when all the chromosomes in a cell are duplicated and are separated from each other in meiosis II and Mitosis. they are the same size, and share the same genes that are at the same location and have the same alleles

Question 4

Haploid and Diploid cells

Answer 4

Haploid: Cells have single chromosomes (not pairs) Haploid cells are created by MEIOSIS and are found in Gametes (sex cells)

Diploid: Cells have paired chromosomes. Diploid cells are created by MITOSIS and are found in body cells