The Organism In The Environment and feeding relationships

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

All the organisms of a particular species found in an ecosystem at any one time.

Question 2

Community

Answer 2

The populations of all species found in a particular ecosystem at any one time

Question 3

Habitat

Answer 3

The place where specific organisms live

Question 4

Ecosystem

Answer 4

Is a distinct, self supporting system of living and non living organism (biotic and abiotic) interacting with each other and with a physical environment

Question 5

Quadrats

Answer 5

Is a 0.5 m2 frame.
-place quadrat randomly within sampling area
-count the number of members of an organism (same species) within the quadrat
- repeat this numerous times within sampling area using the same size quadrant
- repeat the process in another area to compare results
Calculation= (total area/sampled area) x n of organisms found

Question 6

How abiotic factors affect the population size and distribution of organisms

Answer 6

Non- living environmental factors that can affect the organism in ecosystems. These factors can affect a range of species as each organism is adapted to certain environments.
Examples: light intensity, soil ph, CO2 levels, soil moisture level, availability of minerals and nutrients, oxygen levels, temperature and availability of water

Question 7

Biotic factors

Answer 7

Interaction associated with living organisms. Biotic factors will affect all species as they have the vulnerability of being food to predators or being a host to a disease that can affect population of species. Examples: gazing, diseases, predation, competition for food, competition for shelter, bacteria and fungi

Question 8

Producers

Answer 8

Organisms that produce their own organic nutrients such as plants through photosynthesis .

Question 9

Primary consumers

Answer 9

Herbivores and feed on plants (producers)

Question 10

Secondary consumers

Answer 10

Predators that feed on primary consumer

Question 11

Tertiary consumers

Answer 11

Predators that feed on secondary consumers

Question 12

Decomposers

Answer 12

Bacteria and fungi that breaks down dead animal’s body, urea and undigested waste for energy (using enzymes to break down compound)

Question 13

Food chains

Answer 13

Shows the feeding relationships between living organisms (what eats what in a habitat)

Question 14

Food webs

Answer 14

Shows all the food chains in an ecosystem, showing the flow of energy in a habitat

Question 15

Pyramids of numbers

Answer 15

Shows the population of each organism at each tropic in a food chain

Question 16

Pyramids of biomass

Answer 16

Shows the transfer of energy at each trophic level by calculating the dry mass of each population of species

Question 17

Pyramids of energy transfer

Answer 17

Shows the transfer of energy at each trophic level from one trophic level to the next

Question 18

Transfer of substances and of energy along a food chain

Answer 18

90% of energy lost as heat and in undigested materials.

• the sun is the ultimate source of energy as plants will absorb sunlight through photosynthesis to produce organic food which is consumed by other organisms, passing energy down the food chain
• each trophic level reduces the amount of energy available for the next as only 10% of energy is passed on. Energy is lost to respiration, not eaten (bones and fibres) and not digested (faeces)