The Only EKG Book You'll Ever Need (Chapter 2) Flashcards

1
Q

3 ways an EKG can change in a hypertrophied or enlarged heart

A
  1. increase in DURATION of waves
  2. increase in AMPLITUDE of waves
  3. mean electrical vector (or electrical AXIS) may shift
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2
Q

3 ways an EKG can change in a hypertrophied or enlarged heart

A
  1. increase in DURATION of waves
  2. increase in AMPLITUDE of waves
  3. mean electrical vector (or electrical AXIS) may shift
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3
Q

if the QRS complex is POSITIVE in leads I and avF, the QRS axis must be ____

A

NORMAL

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4
Q

if the QRS complex in either lead I or lead avF is NOT predominantly POSITIVE, the QRS axis ____

A

does NOT lie between 0 and 90 degrees, and is NOT normal

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5
Q

normal axis =

A

POSITIVE leads I and avF

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6
Q

left axis deviation =

A

positive lead I, negative lead avF

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7
Q

right axis deviation =

A

negative lead I, positive lead avF

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8
Q

extreme right axis deviation =

A

NEGATIVE leads I and avF

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9
Q

normal P wave duration

A
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10
Q

normal P wave deflection, whether positive or negative, should not exceed

A

2.5mm

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11
Q

the first and second parts of the P wave represent, respectively

A

right atrial depolarization and left atrial depolarization

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12
Q

virtually all of the info needed to assess atrial enlargement can be found in which leads?

A

leads II and V1

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13
Q

if the QRS complex is POSITIVE in leads I and avF, the QRS axis must be ____

A

NORMAL

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14
Q

if the QRS complex in either lead I or lead avF is NOT predominantly POSITIVE, the QRS axis ____

A

does NOT lie between 0 and 90 degrees, and is NOT normal

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15
Q

normal axis =

A

POSITIVE leads I and avF

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16
Q

left axis deviation =

A

positive lead I, negative lead avF

17
Q

right axis deviation =

A

negative lead I, positive lead avF

18
Q

extreme right axis deviation =

A

NEGATIVE leads I and avF

19
Q

normal P wave duration

A

less than 120ms

20
Q

normal P wave deflection, whether positive or negative, should not exceed

A

2.5mm

21
Q

the first and second parts of the P wave represent, respectively

A

right atrial depolarization and left atrial depolarization

22
Q

virtually all of the info needed to assess atrial enlargement can be found in which leads?

A

leads II and V1

23
Q

how do you diagnose right atrial enlargement?

A

P waves w/ amplitude greater than 2.5mm in inferior leads (II, III, and avF)

24
Q

what is P pulmonale?

A

right atrial enlargement in leads II and V1, often d/t severe lung disease

25
Q

how do you diagnose left atrial enlargement?

A

terminal portion (left atrial) of P wave should drop at least 1mm below isoelectric line in lead V1