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5. History Mr Mainwaring - Poverty and Pauperism > The Old Poor Laws and Pressure for Change > Flashcards

The Old Poor Laws and Pressure for Change Flashcards

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1
Q

What year was the Elizabethan Poor Laws?

A

1601

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2
Q

How many parishes were there in England and Wales?

A

15,000

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3
Q

In the Elizabethan Poor Laws who received indoor relief?

A

Deserving Poor

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4
Q

In the Elizabethan Poor Laws who received outdoor relief?

A

Able-bodied: undeserving

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5
Q

By what year were there 2000 workhouses?

A

1776

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6
Q

How many inmates did workhouses have in 1776?

A

20-50

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7
Q

In the Elizabethan poor laws who decided who got relief?

A

1 overseer

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8
Q

When were the Laws of Settlement?

A

1662

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9
Q

What were the Laws of Settlement designed to do?

A

Stop poor people moving around

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10
Q

What was a persons place of settlement?

A

Where you were born or lived for 3 years

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11
Q

When was the Speenhamland system?

A

1795

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12
Q

What was the Speenhamland system?

A

An allowance system that subsidised low wages

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13
Q

What did the allowance in the Speenhamland system depend on?

A

The price of bread and how many children you had.

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14
Q

What were the wages in the Speenhamland topped up to?

A

The value of 3 loaves of bread (4.5 for a working family)

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15
Q

What is absolute poverty?

A

The lack of income to provide for basic needs e.g. food, clothes and shelter etc.

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16
Q

What are the two classifications of poverty?

A

Absolute and Relative

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17
Q

What is relative poverty?

A

People who are poor but still have enough to survive - can afford basic needs

18
Q

Who were poor rates administered by?

A

‘Overseers of the Poor’

19
Q

How did ‘Overseers of the Poor’ distribute poor relief?

A

Under the authority of the local Justice of the Peace (JP)

20
Q

In 1801 what happened to the population since the 1601 Elizabethan Poor Law?

A

More than doubled.

21
Q

Between 1814 - 1818 how much money was spent on poor relief?

A

£6.4 million

22
Q

Why did poor relief increase in the early 19th century (2 reasons)?

A

1) Due to a series of poor harvests 2) The French Wars from 1793-1815 rose the cost of living.

23
Q

Between 1802 and 1803, what % of the north received poor relief?

A

10%

24
Q

Between 1802 and 1803, what % of people in the south recieved poor relief?

A

23%

25
Q

What was the approx. wage during 1802 and 1803?

A

12s per week

26
Q

When was the Royal Commission established?

A

1st February 1832

27
Q

How many commissioners did the Royal Commission have and name 2?

A

9 - Nassau Senior and Edwin Chadwick

28
Q

What did the Royal Commission send to the 15,000 parishes?

A

A questionnaire

29
Q

How many questionnaires that were sent to Parishes were returned?

A

10%

30
Q

Why were the Royal Commission criticised?

A

1) Many of the questions were phrased awkwardly
2) It was claimed that Senior began writing the report before the data had been collected in

31
Q

What did the Royal Commission suggest?

A
  • The removal of outdoor relief
  • The use of punishing workhouses to act as a deterrent to those seeking relief
  • Grouping parishes together to manage workhouses effectivley
  • The creation of a central board to implement the new system across the country.
32
Q

How much was poor relief in 1815?

A

£5.7 million

33
Q

How much was poor relief in 1817?

A

£7.9 million

34
Q

How much was poor relief in 1831?

A

Nearly £7 million

35
Q

What were the causes of bad conditions for agricultural workers in 1794?

A
  • Encolsure of land
  • Food prices rising
  • Population rising - reduced stability
  • 1793 declaration of war with France stopped grain imports
36
Q

What are 3 possible reasons for Berkshire magistates introducing the Speenhamland system?

A
  • They needed to look after the workers
  • Trying to stop revolutionary ideas
  • Cheaper than poor relief
37
Q

When was the Poor Employment Act?

A

1817

38
Q

Which 2 individuals were prominnet in the individualism attitudes?

A

Thomas Malthus

Joseph Townsend

39
Q

Which 2 indivduals prominent in the collectivism attitude?

A
  • Thomas Paine
  • Robert Owen
40
Q

Which 2 individuals were prominent in the utilitarianism attitude?

A
  • Jeremy Bentham
  • Edwin Chadwick
41
Q

During the French wars what percentage of the country’s GNP was spent on poor relief?

A

2%

42
Q

After 1824 how much did poor relief cost per head compared to the cost of poor relief per head between 1819 and 1823?

A
  • 1824: 9s 2d
  • 1819 - 1823: 11s 7d

5. History Mr Mainwaring - Poverty and Pauperism (3 decks)

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