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The Odyssey > The Odyssey > Flashcards

The Odyssey Flashcards

1
Q

What does Arête give Ody?

A

Well- washed mantle and tunic, stout chest, bread, wine

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2
Q

How are the the Phaeacians loved by the gods?

A

Fruits never fail, famous seamen, women at loom, Alcinous’ palace, gods appear to them in true form

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3
Q

How is Alcinous’ palace described?

A

Bronze walls, golden doors, gold and silver dogs made by Hephaestus

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4
Q

Who insults Ody at the Phaeacian games?

A

Euryalus

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5
Q

What gifts do the Phaecians give Ody?

A

13 princes give him a cloak, tunic and talent of gold each, Euryalus gives impressive sword

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6
Q

What happens to Ody’s men that die fighting the cicones?

A

Three times saluted with a ritual call

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7
Q

Examples of Cyclopes’ lack of civilisation

A

No agriculture, no community, no assemblies or law, no shipwrights, no respect for xenia

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8
Q

Examples the Cyclopes are favoured by the gods

A

Gods look after land, rich soil

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9
Q

Where do the Cicones live?

A

Ismarus

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10
Q

Signs that Polyphemus is civilised?

A

Organised shepherd, bread, cheese

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11
Q

Sign Aeolus isn’t civilised?

A

Incestuous family- 6 daughters married to his 6 dons

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12
Q

What’s supernatural about Laestrygonia?

A

Small rotation between dawn and nightfall, lack of agriculture

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13
Q

How does Hermes help Ody with Circe?

A

Gives him moly and advice

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14
Q

What route does Ody take to the underworld?

A

River of ocean

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15
Q

Details of the trench and offerings to the dead?

A

Honey and milk, sweet wine then water and finally barley poured into trench

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16
Q

What promises does Ody make to the spirits?

A

Once in Ithaca, sacrifice barren heifer, pure with treasures, Tiresias offering of jet black sheep

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17
Q

How does Ody summon the spirits?

A

Sacrifice ram and ewe, hold heads down towards Erebus and their own towards the river. Flay sheep and burn, praying to Hades and Persephone

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18
Q

Important spirits Ody meets?

A

Elpenor, Anticleia, Agamemnon, Achilles

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19
Q

How did Agamemnon die?

A

Killed by Aegisthus, blames Clytemnestra

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20
Q

What advice does Agamemnon give Ody?

A

Don’t trust wife, will have a good homecoming

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21
Q

What does Achilles say that’s surprising?

A

Would rather be alive and a slave than dead

22
Q

How does Ody disobey Circe’s instructions?

A

Puts armour on for Scylla

23
Q

Who disobeys Odysseus on Thrinacie?

A

Eurylochus

24
Q

Why are Ody and his men stranded on Thrinacie and how long for?

A

Storm from Zeus, 1 month

25
Q

What’s Poseidon’s revenge on the Phaecians?

A

Ship to stone

26
Q

How do the Phaecians hinder his return home?

A

Marriage to Nausicaa

27
Q

What makes a Homeric hero?

A

Noble birth, relationship with immortals, kleos, physical strength/ beauty, excellence in war, cunning, resourceful, timé, nostos

28
Q

Why is athene different to all other female characters?

A

She’s the virgin goddess

29
Q

Tales of which women exaggerate Penelope’s fidelity?

A

Clytemnestra’s affair with Aegisthus and killing her husband Agamemnon. Book 11: Tyro, raped by Poseidon; Alcmene, seduced by Zeus; Epicaste; Phaedra, who fell in love with Hippolytus; Eriphile, who bartered her husband’s life

30
Q

What is significant about Phaecia being a utopia in regards to women?

A

Arete has more power than any other women but not as much as calypso- she’s somewhere between the natural and supernatural

31
Q

What does Penelope’s authority while Ody has been away highlight?

A

Inversion of normal order

32
Q

Importance of speech

A

Direct speech in 8,000 out of the 12,000 lines. Important because they show a character’s rhetorical skills, convey emotion etc.

33
Q

Importance of description

A

Inclusion in the middle of a fictional world of everyday objects described with great detail e.g. Calypso’s axe. Sounds used e.g. sizzling of pole into Polyphemus’ eye

34
Q

Homeric simile

A

A simile extended into a complete picture

35
Q

Characteristics of Ithaca

A

Introduced by Odysseus as a ‘rough land’ which ‘nurtures fine men.’ People have respect for divinites: their water supply is presided over by a shrine, and a cave on the shore is home to nymphs. Assemblies are held to discuss important matters

36
Q

Examples Phaecia isn’t good

A

Unkind to strangers, their temple is dedicated to Poseidon, Odysseus’ enemy, Alcinous has to be reminded that a suppliant should not be left in the hearth when Odysseus arrives

37
Q

What books does Odysseus narrate?

A

9-12

38
Q

Telemachus’ role in the battle scene

A

Killing of Amphinomus is awkward and he cannot figure out how to get his spear from the corpse without making himself vulnerable. Leaves the door to the weapon store unlocked

39
Q

Penelope’s relations

A

Cousin of Clytemnestra and Helen

40
Q

Eurycleia helping slay the suitors

A

Keeps the women out of the way whilst Tele and Ody find weapons, locks the main door before the bow stringing contest, later called upon to bring sulphur to clean the pollution in the hall

41
Q

Characters representing corruption in the household

A

Melantho and Melanthius (the goatherd)- brother and sister

42
Q

Who is spared by Odysseus?

A

Medon and Phemius

43
Q

How do the suitors compliment Penelope?

A

She has gifts given by Athene, better that anyone even from story: Tyro, Alcmene, Mycene

44
Q

Example of Odysseus helping himself leave Ogygia

A

spends 4 days building raft

45
Q

Odysseus’ loyal servants

A

Eumaeus and Philoetius

46
Q

Which suitor is Melantho in love with?

A

Eurymachus

47
Q

Predictions in the poem

A

Zeus book 1: Posiedon is punishing Odysseus because he blinded Polyphemus, but won’t kill Odysseus.
Zeus book 5: Odysseus will a build a raft and reach Scherie after 20 days, the Phaecians will welcome him and send him home with lots of gifts.
Tiresias book 11: He has angered Poseidon and is being punished. They shouldn’t eat the cattle, otherwise his ship and company will be destroyed, he’ll reach home late in a foreign ship having lost all his comrades and will find trouble in his house. Will kill the suitors.

48
Q

Relationship between Penelope and Telemachus

A

She cries at the bard’s song about Troy and he sends her to her room because making decisions is a man’s business. Rebukes her for not welcoming Odysseus immediately. Penelope tells him he is allowing the suitors too many freedoms, that he had better sense and judgement when he was younger.

49
Q

Songs sung by Demodocus

A

Argument between Achilles and Odysseus, Ares and Aphrodite, the Trojan horse

50
Q

How is Odysseus described when Nausicaa first sees him?

A

Homeric simile: mountain lion hunting oxen/sheep/deer

51
Q

How does Hyperion get revenge

A

Hermes told Calypso that Hyperion called on Zeus to get revenge

52
Q

What do the crew want to do in Polyphemus’ cave?

A

Want to take the wine and cheese back to the ships but Odysseus is looking for ‘time’

The Odyssey (4 decks)

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