The Nuremberg Code - C Flashcards
What is the purpose of this document (Oct 1946 - April 1949)?
This is a ten-point statement delimiting permissible medical experimentation on human subjects
When is human experimentation justified?
Only if its results benefit society and it is carried out in accord with basic principles that “satisfy moral, ethical, and legal concepts”
What supersedes the ode to some extent as a guide for human experimentation?
Declaration of Helsinki
1 - Voluntary
The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential.
The person involve should
- have legal capacity to give consent
- have free power of choice
- make an understanding and enlightened decision.
The subject should be informed of:
- nature
- duration
- purpose
- all inconveniences and hazards reasonably to be expected
Responsibility for quality of consent rests upon each individual who initiates, directs or engages in the experiment.
2 - Fruitful results
The experiment should yield fruitful results for the good of society, unprocurable by other methods or means of study, and not random and unnecessary in nature.
3 - Based on knowledge
The experiment should be so designed and based on the results of animal experimentation and knowledge of the natural history of the disease or other problem under study that the anticipated results will justify the performance of the experiment.
4 - Avoid injury
The experimentation should be so conducted as to avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury.
5 - No a priori expectation of death
No experiment should be conducted where there is an a priori reason to believe that death or disabling injury will occur.
6 - Importance over risk
The degree of risk to be taken should never exceed that determined by the humanitarian importance of the problem to be solved by the experiment.
7 - Preparation and protection
Proper preparations should be made and adequate facilities provided to protect the experimental subjects against even remote possibilities of injury disability or death.
8 - Qualified personnel
The experiment should be conducted only by scientifically qualified persons. The highest degree of skill and care should be required.
9 - Free withdrawal
During the course of the experiment the human subject should be at liberty to bring the experiment to an end if he has reached the physical or mental state where continuation of the experiment seems to him to be impossible.
10 - Early termination
During the course of the experiment the scientist in charge must be prepared to terminate the experiment at any stage if he has probable cause to believe that a continuation of the experiment is likely to result in injury, disability, or death.
What is the origin of The Nuremberg Code?
Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunal under Control Council Law No. 10
