The Normal Lung Structure

Question 1

What is the Bony Thorax consist of?

Answer 1

STERNUM
RIBS
THORACIC VERTEBRAE

Question 2

Parts of the Sternum

Answer 2

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

Question 3

Curved bones
that form the ribcage, providing
protection to the organs in the
thoracic cavity.

Answer 3

Ribs

Question 4

How many pairs of ribs are there?

Answer 4

12 pairs of ribs

Question 5

Why is the 11th and 12th ribs called the floating ribs?

Answer 5

No anterior articulation with the sternum.

Question 6

Why is the 8th-10th ribs are called false ribs?

Answer 6

Because they have indirect articulation with the sternum via costal cartilages.

Question 7

Set of vertebrae in the spine that
correspond to the thoracic
region of the back.

Answer 7

Thoracic vertebrae

Question 8

Encompasses the structures that
enclose the thoracic cavity,
providing support and protection
to the vital organs within.

Answer 8

Chest wall

Question 9

These muscles play a crucial role in
facilitating the expansion and
contraction of the thoracic cavity,
allowing movement of air, in and out of the lungs.

Answer 9

Respiratory mucles

Question 10

A dome-shaped muscle, located
at the base of the thoracic cavity,
separating the thoracic cavity
from the abdominal cavity.

Answer 10

Diaphragm

Question 11

The main respiratory muscle

Answer 11

Diaphragm

Question 12

A pressure difference between the atmosphere and the lungs.

Answer 12

Pressure gradient

Question 13

These are muscle located at between the ribs. What are the 2 types?

Answer 13

Intercostal muscles
- Internal intercostal muscles
- External intercostal muscles

Question 14

These muscles assist during
certain situations or increased
respiratory demand.

Answer 14

Accessory respiratory muscles

Question 15

Muscles in the neck, and abdominal muscles?

Answer 15

Neck:
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalene
Abdominal muscles:
Rectus Abdominis
External obliques

Question 16

Refer to the passages through
which the air travels as it moves
in and out of the respiratory
system.
It is categorized into 2?

Answer 16

Airways:
Upper respiratory tract
Lower respiratory tract

Question 17

________includes

The space inside the nose______

A muscular tube that connects the
nasal cavity and the mouth to the
larynx and esophagus_______.

Also known as the voice box which
is located at the top of the trachea_____.

Answer 17

Upper respiratory tract:
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 18

________ includes,

Also known as the windpipe.
a tubular structure that is composed of cartilage rings_______.

The trachea branches into ______, one for each lung these ______ further divides into smaller _______ and bronchioles within the lungs.

Are smaller air passages within the lungs that branch out from the bronchi______.

Are tiny units where gas exchange happens_______.

Answer 18

Lower respiratory tract:
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

Question 19

4 Functions of the airway?

Answer 19

• Conduction of air
• Filtration, Warming, and Humidification.
• Gas exchange
• Protection

Question 20

The _________________work
to ensure the proper drainage of
fluids, removal of waste products,
and participation in the immune
response to protect the
respiratory system from infections
and other threats.

Answer 20

Respiratory Lympathics

Question 21

higher airway resistance
requires ?

Answer 21

More effort of breathing

Question 22

airway resistance can be
measured clinically using
techniques such as ___________
which assesses lung function
and airflow.

Answer 22

Spirometry

Question 23

airway resistance is generally
during ?

Answer 23

inhalation than exhalation

Question 24

the ________________________can constrict/dilate,
affecting the resistance to
airflow.

Answer 24

Smooth muscles surrounding the airways

Question 25

1.) major determinant of airway
resistance?
2.) main site of airway resistance is
typically in the?

Answer 25

1. Airway diameter
2. smaller bronchioles

Question 26

if the chest wall has reduced
compliance, it may require more
effort to expand the lungs.

Answer 26

Chest wall compliance