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Y4 Paediatrics > The Normal Child > Flashcards

The Normal Child Flashcards

1
Q

What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal neonate?

A

Gross motor:
When prone knees under abdomen

Fine motor and vision:
Startles to sudden noises

Speech and hearing:
Quiets to voice

Social:
N/A

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2
Q

What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 6-8 week old baby?

A

Gross motor:
Raises head to 45 deg when held prone; sits with curved back and needs support.

Fine motor and vision:
Fixes and follows through 90 deg.

Speech and hearing:
Vocalises.

Social:
Social smile.

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3
Q

What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 3 month old baby?

A

Gross motor:
Holds head up
Loss of palmar grasp

Fine motor and vision:
Reaches
Holds a rattle
Fixes and follows 180 deg

Speech and hearing:
Turns towards sound at ear level

Social:
Laughs

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4
Q

What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 4-5 months old baby?

A

Gross motor:
Reaches out for toys

Fine motor and vision:
Plays
Hands together

Speech and hearing:
Squeals

Social:
Excited by food

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5
Q

What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 6-9 months old baby?

A

Gross motor:
Lifts head spontaneously from supine
Self propping (sitting)
Crawls

Fine motor and vision:
Transfers object hand to hand

Speech and hearing:
Babbles
Turns to voice

Social:
Stranger awareness
Object permanence

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6
Q

What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 10-12 month old child?

A

Gross motor:
Cruises furniture

Fine motor and vision:
Immature pincer grip

Speech and hearing:
Double-syllable babble

Social:
Waves bye-bye
Plays peek-a-boo
Empties cupboards

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7
Q

What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 12 month old child?

A

Gross motor:
Walks unsteadily

Fine motor and vision:
Casting
Neat pincer grip

Speech and hearing:
Single words

Social:
Understands “No”
Gives up toys

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8
Q

What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 15 month old child?

A

Gross motor:
Walks steadily

Fine motor and vision:
‘To and fro’ scribbling

Speech and hearing:

Social:
Domestic mimicry
Indicates wants

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9
Q

What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 18 month old child?

A

Gross motor:
Run

Fine motor and vision:
2-block tower

Speech and hearing:
Can ask for food and drink
Points to 1 body part

Social:
Drinks from cup

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10
Q

What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 2-year-old?

A

Gross motor:
Jumps
Throws overarm

Fine motor and vision:
Circular scribble
6-7 block tower

Speech and hearing:
2-word sentences
50-word vocabulary
Points to 2 body parts

Social:
Has difficulty sharing
Feeds self with spoon

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11
Q

What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 3-year-old?

A

Gross motor:
Rides tricycle
Up and down stairs adult fashion
Hops

Fine motor and vision:
9-10 block tower
Makes a train of blocks
Copies circle

Speech and hearing:
Name, age, sex on request
1000-word vocabulary
'What's that?'
Counts to 10
5 body parts

Social:
Mostly dry by day
Dresses and undresses self
Understand turn-taking

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12
Q

What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 4-year-old?

A

Gross motor:
Stands on 1 leg for 4 seconds
Climbing frame

Fine motor and vision:
Copies a square and cross
10-block tower

Speech and hearing:
Tells stories
Uses past tense
Understands adverbs
Counts to 20

Social:
Dresses with help
Parallel play with other children

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13
Q

What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 5-year-old?

A

Gross motor:
Skips

Fine motor and vision:
Draws a man with 3 parts
Copies a triangle

Speech and hearing:
Knows colours, age, address

Social:
Names a friend
Knows what to do if lost, cold, hungry.
Comforts in distress.

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14
Q

What are the developmental warning signs?

A

Any age:

  • Maternal concern
  • Discordance in different developmental areas
  • Regression

10 weeks:
- No smile

6 months:

  • persistent primitive reflexes and squint
  • Hand preference
  • Little interest in people, toys

10-12 months:

  • No sitting
  • No double-syllable babble
  • No pincer grip

18 months:

  • Not walking
  • <6 words
  • Mouthing and drooling
  1. 5 years:
    - No 2-3 word sentences

4 years:
- Unintelligible speech

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15
Q

What are the key developmental milestones for ages 0-2years?

A

4-6 weeks:
Smiles responsively

6-7 months:
Sits unsupported

9 months:
Gets into sitting position

10 months:
Start of pincer grip

12 months:
Walks unsupported
2-3 single words

18 months:
2-block tower
1 body part

24 months:
2-word sentences

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16
Q

What are the suggested weaning stages?

A

0-6 months: Breast or formula

6 months: Introduce pureed solids

7-9 months: More soft foods, encourage finger feeding. Fruit juices in a cup.

9-12 months: Mash food; 3 meals a day, 1 with family.

1 year: Undiluted cow’s milk in a cup.

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17
Q

True or false: It is safe for women with HIV to breastfeed.

A

False.

Do NOT breastfeed if HIV positive or TB as transmission risk is doubled

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18
Q

True or false: It is safe for women with TB to breastfeed.

A

False.

Do NOT breastfeed if HIV positive or TB as transmission risk is doubled

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19
Q

True or false: If a woman develops mastitis she should stop breastfeeding to allow a quicker recovery.

A

False.

It can be much more painful if you stop breastfeeding due to engorgement.

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20
Q

True or false: Women should NOT breastfeed when taking opiates, tetracyclines and antimetabolites.

A

True.

Women taking these drugs should NOT breastfeed.

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21
Q

True or false: Preterm babies can usually breastfeed as normal.

A

False.

Babies born before 34 weeks often struggle to latch and require parenteral nutrition.

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22
Q

When should honey be introduced to a child’s diet?

A

Not before 1 year.

Link between honey bacteria and infant botulism.

23
Q

True or false: When solid foods are added to a child’s diet the amount of milk offered should be reduced.

A

False.

Continue breast/formula feeds at normal volume until weaning is established.

Babies require 500-600mls milk per day as well as weaning foods.

24
Q

What measures are used to assess growth in children?

A

Weight

Height

Head circumference

25
Q

What BMI score is classified as obese in children aged 1-10 years?

A

BMI >20 indicates obesity in 1-10 years.

26
Q

Around what age should a child be skipping?

A

5 years

27
Q

Around what age should a child be walking independently?

A

15 months, by 18 months should be walking well.

28
Q

Around what age should a child reach out for toys?

A

5 months

29
Q

Around what age should a child crawl?

A

9 months

30
Q

Around what age should a child sit without support?

A

6 months

31
Q

Around what age should a child cruise furniture?

A

10-12 months

32
Q

Around what age should a child ride a tricycle?

A

3 years

33
Q

Around what age should a child jump with two feet together?

A

2 years

34
Q

Around what age should a child stand on one leg?

A

4 years

35
Q

Around what age should a child copy a square?

A

4 years

36
Q

Around what age should a child copy a triangle?

A

5 years

37
Q

Around what age should a child copy a cross?

A

4 years

38
Q

Around what age should a child build a tower of 10 blocks?

A

4 years

39
Q

Around what age should a child scribble to-and-fro?

A

15 months

40
Q

Around what age should a child lose their palmar grasp reflex?

A

3 months

41
Q

Around what age should a child attempt an immature pincer?

A

10-12 months

42
Q

Around what age should a child start transferring objects between hands?

A

6-9 months

43
Q

Around what age should a child develop a neat pincer grip?

A

13 months

44
Q

How many blocks should a 2-year-old be able to stack on top of each other?

A

6-7 blocks at 2-years-old

45
Q

How many blocks should a 3-year-old be able to stack on top of each other?

A

9-10 blocks at 3-years-old

46
Q

What shapes should a 4-year-old be able to copy?

A

Circle, square, triangle

47
Q

Go through the major speech milestones, stating which age each should be met around.

A

Birth: quiets to voice

6-8 weeks: Cries and coos

4-5 months: Squeals

6-9 months: Babbles

10-12 months: Double-syllable babble

13 months: Single words

2 years: Two-word sentences; 50-word vocab.

3 years: Name, age, sex; “what’s that?”; 1000-word vocab; counts to 10.

4 years: Tells stories; uses past tense; understands adverbs; counts to 20.

5 years: Colours, age, address.

48
Q

Around what age should a child use past tense?

A

4 years

49
Q

Around what age should a child smile socially?

A

6-8 weeks

50
Q

Around what age should a child have an awareness of strangers?

A

9 months

51
Q

Around what age should a child wave bye-bye and play peek-a-boo?

A

10-12 months

52
Q

Around what age should a child demonstrate domestic mimicry?

A

15 months

53
Q

Around what age should a child feed themself with a spoon?

A

2 years

Y4 Paediatrics (33 decks)

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