The Normal Child Flashcards
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal neonate?
Gross motor:
When prone knees under abdomen
Fine motor and vision:
Startles to sudden noises
Speech and hearing:
Quiets to voice
Social:
N/A
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 6-8 week old baby?
Gross motor:
Raises head to 45 deg when held prone; sits with curved back and needs support.
Fine motor and vision:
Fixes and follows through 90 deg.
Speech and hearing:
Vocalises.
Social:
Social smile.
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 3 month old baby?
Gross motor:
Holds head up
Loss of palmar grasp
Fine motor and vision:
Reaches
Holds a rattle
Fixes and follows 180 deg
Speech and hearing:
Turns towards sound at ear level
Social:
Laughs
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 4-5 months old baby?
Gross motor:
Reaches out for toys
Fine motor and vision:
Plays
Hands together
Speech and hearing:
Squeals
Social:
Excited by food
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 6-9 months old baby?
Gross motor:
Lifts head spontaneously from supine
Self propping (sitting)
Crawls
Fine motor and vision:
Transfers object hand to hand
Speech and hearing:
Babbles
Turns to voice
Social:
Stranger awareness
Object permanence
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 10-12 month old child?
Gross motor:
Cruises furniture
Fine motor and vision:
Immature pincer grip
Speech and hearing:
Double-syllable babble
Social:
Waves bye-bye
Plays peek-a-boo
Empties cupboards
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 12 month old child?
Gross motor:
Walks unsteadily
Fine motor and vision:
Casting
Neat pincer grip
Speech and hearing:
Single words
Social:
Understands “No”
Gives up toys
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 15 month old child?
Gross motor:
Walks steadily
Fine motor and vision:
‘To and fro’ scribbling
Speech and hearing:
Social:
Domestic mimicry
Indicates wants
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 18 month old child?
Gross motor:
Run
Fine motor and vision:
2-block tower
Speech and hearing:
Can ask for food and drink
Points to 1 body part
Social:
Drinks from cup
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 2-year-old?
Gross motor:
Jumps
Throws overarm
Fine motor and vision:
Circular scribble
6-7 block tower
Speech and hearing:
2-word sentences
50-word vocabulary
Points to 2 body parts
Social:
Has difficulty sharing
Feeds self with spoon
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 3-year-old?
Gross motor:
Rides tricycle
Up and down stairs adult fashion
Hops
Fine motor and vision:
9-10 block tower
Makes a train of blocks
Copies circle
Speech and hearing: Name, age, sex on request 1000-word vocabulary 'What's that?' Counts to 10 5 body parts
Social:
Mostly dry by day
Dresses and undresses self
Understand turn-taking
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 4-year-old?
Gross motor:
Stands on 1 leg for 4 seconds
Climbing frame
Fine motor and vision:
Copies a square and cross
10-block tower
Speech and hearing: Tells stories Uses past tense Understands adverbs Counts to 20
Social:
Dresses with help
Parallel play with other children
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 5-year-old?
Gross motor:
Skips
Fine motor and vision:
Draws a man with 3 parts
Copies a triangle
Speech and hearing:
Knows colours, age, address
Social:
Names a friend
Knows what to do if lost, cold, hungry.
Comforts in distress.
What are the developmental warning signs?
Any age:
- Maternal concern
- Discordance in different developmental areas
- Regression
10 weeks:
- No smile
6 months:
- persistent primitive reflexes and squint
- Hand preference
- Little interest in people, toys
10-12 months:
- No sitting
- No double-syllable babble
- No pincer grip
18 months:
- Not walking
- <6 words
- Mouthing and drooling
- 5 years:
- No 2-3 word sentences
4 years:
- Unintelligible speech
What are the key developmental milestones for ages 0-2years?
4-6 weeks:
Smiles responsively
6-7 months:
Sits unsupported
9 months:
Gets into sitting position
10 months:
Start of pincer grip
12 months:
Walks unsupported
2-3 single words
18 months:
2-block tower
1 body part
24 months:
2-word sentences
What are the suggested weaning stages?
0-6 months: Breast or formula
6 months: Introduce pureed solids
7-9 months: More soft foods, encourage finger feeding. Fruit juices in a cup.
9-12 months: Mash food; 3 meals a day, 1 with family.
1 year: Undiluted cow’s milk in a cup.
True or false: It is safe for women with HIV to breastfeed.
False.
Do NOT breastfeed if HIV positive or TB as transmission risk is doubled
True or false: It is safe for women with TB to breastfeed.
False.
Do NOT breastfeed if HIV positive or TB as transmission risk is doubled
True or false: If a woman develops mastitis she should stop breastfeeding to allow a quicker recovery.
False.
It can be much more painful if you stop breastfeeding due to engorgement.
True or false: Women should NOT breastfeed when taking opiates, tetracyclines and antimetabolites.
True.
Women taking these drugs should NOT breastfeed.
True or false: Preterm babies can usually breastfeed as normal.
False.
Babies born before 34 weeks often struggle to latch and require parenteral nutrition.
When should honey be introduced to a child’s diet?
Not before 1 year.
Link between honey bacteria and infant botulism.
True or false: When solid foods are added to a child’s diet the amount of milk offered should be reduced.
False.
Continue breast/formula feeds at normal volume until weaning is established.
Babies require 500-600mls milk per day as well as weaning foods.
What measures are used to assess growth in children?
Weight
Height
Head circumference
