The Normal Child Flashcards
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal neonate?
Gross motor:
When prone knees under abdomen
Fine motor and vision:
Startles to sudden noises
Speech and hearing:
Quiets to voice
Social:
N/A
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 6-8 week old baby?
Gross motor:
Raises head to 45 deg when held prone; sits with curved back and needs support.
Fine motor and vision:
Fixes and follows through 90 deg.
Speech and hearing:
Vocalises.
Social:
Social smile.
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 3 month old baby?
Gross motor:
Holds head up
Loss of palmar grasp
Fine motor and vision:
Reaches
Holds a rattle
Fixes and follows 180 deg
Speech and hearing:
Turns towards sound at ear level
Social:
Laughs
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 4-5 months old baby?
Gross motor:
Reaches out for toys
Fine motor and vision:
Plays
Hands together
Speech and hearing:
Squeals
Social:
Excited by food
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 6-9 months old baby?
Gross motor:
Lifts head spontaneously from supine
Self propping (sitting)
Crawls
Fine motor and vision:
Transfers object hand to hand
Speech and hearing:
Babbles
Turns to voice
Social:
Stranger awareness
Object permanence
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 10-12 month old child?
Gross motor:
Cruises furniture
Fine motor and vision:
Immature pincer grip
Speech and hearing:
Double-syllable babble
Social:
Waves bye-bye
Plays peek-a-boo
Empties cupboards
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 12 month old child?
Gross motor:
Walks unsteadily
Fine motor and vision:
Casting
Neat pincer grip
Speech and hearing:
Single words
Social:
Understands “No”
Gives up toys
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 15 month old child?
Gross motor:
Walks steadily
Fine motor and vision:
‘To and fro’ scribbling
Speech and hearing:
Social:
Domestic mimicry
Indicates wants
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 18 month old child?
Gross motor:
Run
Fine motor and vision:
2-block tower
Speech and hearing:
Can ask for food and drink
Points to 1 body part
Social:
Drinks from cup
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 2-year-old?
Gross motor:
Jumps
Throws overarm
Fine motor and vision:
Circular scribble
6-7 block tower
Speech and hearing:
2-word sentences
50-word vocabulary
Points to 2 body parts
Social:
Has difficulty sharing
Feeds self with spoon
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 3-year-old?
Gross motor:
Rides tricycle
Up and down stairs adult fashion
Hops
Fine motor and vision:
9-10 block tower
Makes a train of blocks
Copies circle
Speech and hearing: Name, age, sex on request 1000-word vocabulary 'What's that?' Counts to 10 5 body parts
Social:
Mostly dry by day
Dresses and undresses self
Understand turn-taking
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 4-year-old?
Gross motor:
Stands on 1 leg for 4 seconds
Climbing frame
Fine motor and vision:
Copies a square and cross
10-block tower
Speech and hearing: Tells stories Uses past tense Understands adverbs Counts to 20
Social:
Dresses with help
Parallel play with other children
What would you expect to find in an assessment of a normal 5-year-old?
Gross motor:
Skips
Fine motor and vision:
Draws a man with 3 parts
Copies a triangle
Speech and hearing:
Knows colours, age, address
Social:
Names a friend
Knows what to do if lost, cold, hungry.
Comforts in distress.
What are the developmental warning signs?
Any age:
- Maternal concern
- Discordance in different developmental areas
- Regression
10 weeks:
- No smile
6 months:
- persistent primitive reflexes and squint
- Hand preference
- Little interest in people, toys
10-12 months:
- No sitting
- No double-syllable babble
- No pincer grip
18 months:
- Not walking
- <6 words
- Mouthing and drooling
- 5 years:
- No 2-3 word sentences
4 years:
- Unintelligible speech
What are the key developmental milestones for ages 0-2years?
4-6 weeks:
Smiles responsively
6-7 months:
Sits unsupported
9 months:
Gets into sitting position
10 months:
Start of pincer grip
12 months:
Walks unsupported
2-3 single words
18 months:
2-block tower
1 body part
24 months:
2-word sentences
What are the suggested weaning stages?
0-6 months: Breast or formula
6 months: Introduce pureed solids
7-9 months: More soft foods, encourage finger feeding. Fruit juices in a cup.
9-12 months: Mash food; 3 meals a day, 1 with family.
1 year: Undiluted cow’s milk in a cup.
True or false: It is safe for women with HIV to breastfeed.
False.
Do NOT breastfeed if HIV positive or TB as transmission risk is doubled
True or false: It is safe for women with TB to breastfeed.
False.
Do NOT breastfeed if HIV positive or TB as transmission risk is doubled
True or false: If a woman develops mastitis she should stop breastfeeding to allow a quicker recovery.
False.
It can be much more painful if you stop breastfeeding due to engorgement.
True or false: Women should NOT breastfeed when taking opiates, tetracyclines and antimetabolites.
True.
Women taking these drugs should NOT breastfeed.
True or false: Preterm babies can usually breastfeed as normal.
False.
Babies born before 34 weeks often struggle to latch and require parenteral nutrition.
When should honey be introduced to a child’s diet?
Not before 1 year.
Link between honey bacteria and infant botulism.
True or false: When solid foods are added to a child’s diet the amount of milk offered should be reduced.
False.
Continue breast/formula feeds at normal volume until weaning is established.
Babies require 500-600mls milk per day as well as weaning foods.
What measures are used to assess growth in children?
Weight
Height
Head circumference
What BMI score is classified as obese in children aged 1-10 years?
BMI >20 indicates obesity in 1-10 years.
Around what age should a child be skipping?
5 years
Around what age should a child be walking independently?
15 months, by 18 months should be walking well.
Around what age should a child reach out for toys?
5 months
Around what age should a child crawl?
9 months
Around what age should a child sit without support?
6 months
Around what age should a child cruise furniture?
10-12 months
Around what age should a child ride a tricycle?
3 years
Around what age should a child jump with two feet together?
2 years
Around what age should a child stand on one leg?
4 years
Around what age should a child copy a square?
4 years
Around what age should a child copy a triangle?
5 years
Around what age should a child copy a cross?
4 years
Around what age should a child build a tower of 10 blocks?
4 years
Around what age should a child scribble to-and-fro?
15 months
Around what age should a child lose their palmar grasp reflex?
3 months
Around what age should a child attempt an immature pincer?
10-12 months
Around what age should a child start transferring objects between hands?
6-9 months
Around what age should a child develop a neat pincer grip?
13 months
How many blocks should a 2-year-old be able to stack on top of each other?
6-7 blocks at 2-years-old
How many blocks should a 3-year-old be able to stack on top of each other?
9-10 blocks at 3-years-old
What shapes should a 4-year-old be able to copy?
Circle, square, triangle
Go through the major speech milestones, stating which age each should be met around.
Birth: quiets to voice
6-8 weeks: Cries and coos
4-5 months: Squeals
6-9 months: Babbles
10-12 months: Double-syllable babble
13 months: Single words
2 years: Two-word sentences; 50-word vocab.
3 years: Name, age, sex; “what’s that?”; 1000-word vocab; counts to 10.
4 years: Tells stories; uses past tense; understands adverbs; counts to 20.
5 years: Colours, age, address.
Around what age should a child use past tense?
4 years
Around what age should a child smile socially?
6-8 weeks
Around what age should a child have an awareness of strangers?
9 months
Around what age should a child wave bye-bye and play peek-a-boo?
10-12 months
Around what age should a child demonstrate domestic mimicry?
15 months
Around what age should a child feed themself with a spoon?
2 years
