The Nile River Flashcards

0
Q

People came from ……….. In the south
………. In the west
……….. + ……… In the east

A

Nubia
Libya
Palestine + Syria

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1
Q

How did farming start along the Nile?

A
  1. Collected seeds of wild grasses to make flour for bread
  2. They grew wheat + barley. Further south grew millet + sorghum
  3. Kept wild cattle, goats + sheep = milk + meat.
  4. Farming began along Nile 8000 yrs ago
  5. Water plentiful crops grew as fertile soil + good grazing
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2
Q

Nile is made up of 2 rivers

A

The white Nile + blue Nile which joins in Khartoum, Sudan

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3
Q

The source of the 2 rivers is in…..

A

Uganda + Ethiopia

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4
Q

Describe where and when the river Nile flooded and how it effected them?

A

When it rained in the mountainous regions further south the Nile would flood it’s banks when it flowed through Egypt. The floodwaters carried fertile mud which was deposited in the river valley when the flood waters receded. Excellent for farming. Soil along Nile stayed rich every year.

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5
Q

Where did Egyptians build their houses?

A

Higher ground away from river. Settlements of clay brick houses became small settlements.

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6
Q

How where crops watered if not grown next to river?

A

System of canals was dug to irrigate crops not next to river

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7
Q

What was the shaduf?

A

Was a way of lifting the water out of the canal + pouring it into smaller irrigation channels. Water was lifted with a bucket.

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8
Q

Describe the shaduf.

A

Wooden pale is balanced on a frame structure and on the end of the pole is a weight to hold the pole in place. At the other end of the pole is a bucket that they pull down and full it with water and poured into irrigation ditches

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9
Q

How did the Egyptians become social and why?

A

After ploughs were invented farmers produced more food than they needed to feed their families.

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10
Q

Other than farming what else did they do for work?

A

Pottery, weaving, leatherwork, seamstress, scribes

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11
Q

When did they need leaders + what did the leaders do?

A

As population grew they needed leaders. They organized the farming, the canals and the trade

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12
Q

Explain the kings that came in place and who they were in charge of?

A

King of Nile delta area close to the sea called lower Egypt.
Their was also a king of upper Egypt - this stretched for 700km south of Nile delta.
2 kings did join together under 1 king 5000 yrs ago.
2 lands became known as Egypt.
Farmers had to give pharaoh part of their produce as tax.

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13
Q

People believed pharaoh was…..

A

A God.

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14
Q

What did people think the pharaoh controlled?

A

The flooding of the Nile. Pharaoh performed ceremony next to Nile to make sure that it would flood.

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15
Q

List the social structure

A
Servants + slaves
Workers
Crafts people
Scribes 
Priests 
Nobles 
Pharaoh
16
Q

What are their beliefs?

A

They believed in many gods. They believed they go to another world when they died. After-life.

17
Q

Who was the god of after life?

A

Osiris

18
Q

What did they build for the after life?

A

Builders, artists + craftsmen made grand tombs for the after-life. These tombs were for pharaohs and important people.

19
Q

Who replaced Osiris?

A

Annubis - he had a jackal head and was in charge of the afterlife of the pharaoh

20
Q

How was a man judged if was a good person?

A

A mans heart was judged

21
Q

Describe their life after death and what happened to them

A

For after death the persons body was preserved. Spices and chemicals were used before being put in the tomb. The tomb walls were painted with scenes of the persons life. Inside tomb all things a person would want was put in…. Furniture, jewellery, clothes, food and drink. Pharaohs ruled Egypt for 3000 yrs.

22
Q

Explain the taxes

A

Pharaohs were very rich. Government officials collected taxes for the pharaoh in the form of produce. These were from farmers or craftsmen. Wheat, fish, tanned skins and pottery are examples of produce. The amt of tax collected from farmer or craftsmen was calculated by the scribes.

23
Q

What did they use to build with?

A

Limestone and sandstone

24
Q

Explain the sphinx

A

They carved huge stone statues called sphinxes.
The great sphinx has the body of a lion and a head of a man. The man was pharaoh Khafre. He seems to guard the tombs and pyramids of Giza. Giza was the first capital of Egypt.

25
Q

Describe the great sphinx

A

It’s huge! It is carved out of the bedrock in a trench at the Giza site

26
Q

What is the legend of the sphinx?

A

After sphinx was built over the course of the next 1000yrs it fell into disrepair. Entire body was covered in sand and only head could be seen. Legend has it that a young prince called Thutmose fell asleep near the head of the sphinx + had a dream where was told to restore the sphinx then he would become pharaoh of Egypt. Thutmose restored the sphinx and later became pharaoh of Egypt.

27
Q

Where and why were temples built?

A

Temples were built close to pyramids so that people could go to the temple in their after-life.

28
Q

What is Egyptians writing called

A

Hieroglyphics

29
Q

Writing on paper - explain

A

They started writing when officials and scribes needed to record the produce they took to the king.
They drew and wrote on papyrus. Was made from papyrus reed.
Pens were tips of reeds dipped in ink made from soot mixed with sticky plant gum and a little water.

30
Q

What did they first use the paper for?

A

To draw pictures of animals and crops.
Then symbols developed that stood for sounds.
24 consonants no vowels

31
Q

Writing on stone……

A

The hieroglyphics that exists today was carved into stone walls of pyramids and tombs.

32
Q

Why did they need to know about the seasons?

A

To know when the Nile would flood.

33
Q

How did they develop worlds first calendar?

A

They studied the changing position of the sun and stars through out the year. Calendar was made with 365 days!
They measured the size of the niles usual flood plain to work out what the size of their harvest might be.

34
Q

How did they keep record of the taxes?

A

Officials and scribes kept pharaohs records and accounts. Officials had list of farmers names and gave receipts for tax paid. Taxes were in form of produce.

35
Q

How did Egyptians learn about the bodies?

A

From preparing them for the after life

36
Q

How did they prepare them after they were dead?

A

They removed the brain and stomach. Washed out the body with palm wine and filled the spaces left with herbs and spices to preserve body. Body was left for 70 days to dry out. Was then washed, wrapped in strips of linen cloth and placed in a tomb. It’s was called a mummy.

37
Q

How could illness be prevented?

A

By keeping the body clean. Dr helped sick people and medical information was written on papyrus.