The NHS Flashcards
What is the NHS’ overall approach to healthcare?
That it is universally available throughout the UK and “free at the point of need” regardless of ability to pay.
Where does 80% of NHS funding come from?
General taxation
Where does 20% of NHS funding come from?
National Insurance Contributions, land sales and charges to patients
What are Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs)?
The commissioning of health care to consortia of GPs, nurses, hospital doctors and the public
What did all NHS Trusts become?
Foundation Trusts
Why were these trust encouraged to become not-for-profit mutual style companies?
So they could generate their own income from selling private treatment. Hospitals could go bust, just like private companies.
What are Foundation Hospitals?
Semi-autonomous within the NHS with a degree of independence. There are about 150 of them.
What is the relationship between NHS Trusts and the CCGs?
NHS Trusts have to compete for business from the CCGs with any ‘qualified provider’ in the voluntary or private sector.
What was abolished in the Health and Care Act 2022 Reforms?
Clinical Commissioning Groups
What is the Act designed to do?
Support collaboration, rather than competition, and to provide “joined-up” services to improve health
What new partnership does the Act set up?
Integrated Care Systems (ICS) - to bring providers and commissioners of health care together with local authorities to plan health care
Which two things will the ICS comprise of?
- Integrated Care Boards (ICB), responsible for NHS strategic planning and allocation decisions,
- Integrated Care Partnerships (ICP), responsible for bringing together a wider set of system partners to develop a plan to address the broader health, public health and social care needs of the local population.
Who has the overall responsibility to the health and care system in England.
The Secretary of State for Health
How does money reach the NHS?
It flows from central government to NHS England, which provides national leadership, promotes high quality health care and supports NHS organisations to work in partnership to deliver better care.
How many Integrated Care Systems does NHS England support?
42
Which 2 things does each ICS consist of?
Each ICS consists of an Integrated Care Board (ICB) and an Integrated Care Partnership (ICP).
What are ICBs tasked with?
The commissioning and oversight of most NHS services and will be accountable to NHS England for NHS spending and performance.
What do ICPs do?
Bring together a wider range of partners, not just the NHS, to develop a plan to address the broader health, public health, and social care needs of the population.
What can ICSs do?
They have the potential to reach beyond the NHS to work alongside local authorities and other partners to address the wider determinants of health.
Do Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales operate under the same or a different system?
A different system
What are 10 key issues facing the NHS?
- Ageing population
- Health care inflation
- Lack of adult social care meaning that elderly people who could be discharged are kept in hospital
- Waiting times for treatment
- Ambulance waiting times
- Nurses and doctors pay
- Funding - it has gone up, but is it enough?
- Access to your GP, sometimes difficult
- Crisis in A and E departments
- Impact of private, profit-making healthcare companies
What is ‘Monitor’ and what does it regulate?
Monitor is the health care regulator that licenses health care providers, regulates prices and makes sure essential services continue if a provider runs into trouble
What is The Care Quality Commission and what does it do?
It is a regulator that inspects hospitals, care homes, dental and GP surgeries, and issues reports
What does Healthwatch do?
Represents the views of patients
What does the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman do?
Deals with complaints
What does the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (Nice) do?
Provides national guidance and advice to improve health and social care including approving new drugs.
