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FOP > The Newborn > Flashcards

The Newborn Flashcards

1
Q

Neonatology includes caring for the fetus beginning from ___ to ___

A

20 weeks AOG to 28 days pf postnatal life

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2
Q

Recommended timing of first PNCU

A

First trimester

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3
Q

Recommended number of PNCU is at least

A

4

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4
Q

Recommended iron and folate supplementation for pregnant mothers should at least be a duration of

A

3 months

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5
Q

Recommended mineral supplement for pregnant women to optimize fetal CNS development

A

Iodine

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6
Q

Pregnant women who work in agriculture are at risk for colonization and infection with

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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7
Q

Approximately ___% of spontaneous abortuses have congenital defects

A

20

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8
Q

Congenital anomalies account for more than ___% of fetal deaths

A

60

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9
Q

Virus implicated in fetal anemia

A

Parvovirus

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10
Q

Polyhydramnios is defined as

A

> 2L in the 3rd trimester of AF index >24 cm on UTZ

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11
Q

Oligohydramnios is defined as

A

<500mL in the 3rd trimester of AF index of <5 cm on UTZ

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12
Q

Indicator of poor perinatal outcome because it is the LATE manifestation of chronic fetal compromise regardless of the etiology

A

Fetal hydrops

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13
Q

MCC of immune hydrops

A

Allo-immune hemolysis

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14
Q

Recreational drug shown to cause craniofacial abnormalities, prematurity, withdrawal, and hypertonia in newborns

A

Toluene (solvent)

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15
Q

Anticonvulsants shown to cause spina bifida and craniofacial defects in the growing fetus

A

Carbamazepine, Valproate, and Phenytoin

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16
Q

Antimicrobials and their teratogenic effect/s: Chloroquine

A

Deafness

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17
Q

Antimicrobials and their teratogenic effect/s: Quinine

A

Thrombocytopenia, deafness

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18
Q

Antimicrobials and their teratogenic effect/s: Streptomycin

A

Deafness

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19
Q

Antimicrobials and their teratogenic effect/s: Tetracycline

A

Retarded skeletal growth, cataracts, limb malformation, hypoplasia of enamel

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20
Q

Hormones and their teratogenic effect/s: Danazol

A

Masculinization of female fetus

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21
Q

Hormones and their teratogenic effect/s: Methyltestosterone

A

Masculinization of female fetus

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22
Q

Hormones and their teratogenic effect/s: Progesterone

A

Masculinization of female fetus

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23
Q

Therapeutic drugs and their teratogenic effect/s: Isotretinoin

A

Facial-ear anomalies, heart disease

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24
Q

Therapeutic drugs and their teratogenic effect/s: Lithium

A

Ebstein’s anomaly

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25
Q

Therapeutic drugs and their teratogenic effect/s: Misoprostol

A

Arthrogryposis, equinovarus, Möbius syndrome

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26
Q

Therapeutic drugs and their teratogenic effect/s: Prednisone

A

Oral clefts

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27
Q

Therapeutic drugs and their teratogenic effect/s: Vitamin D

A

Supravalvular aortic stenosis, hypocalcemia

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28
Q

Therapeutic drugs and their teratogenic effect/s: Warfarin

A

Hypoplastic nasal structures

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29
Q

Environmental chemicals and their teratogenic effects: Methyl mercury

A

Minamata disease, microcephaly, deafness, blindness, mental retardation

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30
Q

Environmental chemicals and their teratogenic effects: Pthalates

A

Reduced masculinization of male fetus

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31
Q

Neonatal effects of commonly used medications: Magnesium sulfate

A

Respiratory depression, meconium plug, hypotonia

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32
Q

Neonatal effects of commonly used medications: Oxytocin

A

Hyponatremia, hyperbiblirubinemia

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33
Q

Limited data show that exposure of human fetuses to large doses of radiation ____ mrad causes microcephaly, mental, and intrauterine retardation

A

20,000-50,000

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34
Q

The recommended occupational limit of exposure to radiation from all sources is ___ mrad for the entire 40 weeks of pregnancy

A

500

35
Q

T/F Mothers with PKU (unabble to metabolize phenylalanine) should regulate dietary intake of the amino acid to provide this to the fetus

A

T

36
Q

The CRL, when taken between 8-12 weeks AOG is within ___ days of the actual AOG

A

5-7

37
Q

A reactive NST is defined as

A

2 accelarations of 15 bpm from baseline got at least 15 sec in a 20-minute observation period

38
Q

Normal Biophysical profile score

A

8-10

39
Q

Components of a BPP

A

BM TAN: Breathing, movement, tone, amniotic fluid, NST

40
Q

Principal active component of surfactant

A

Lecithin

41
Q

Amniotic fluid L/S ratio of ___ is a good indicator of lung maturity with 98% accuracy

A

≥2

42
Q

AF L/S ratio of ___ is needed to assure fetal lung maturity if mothers have diabetes or Rh isoimmunization

A

≥3

43
Q

Normal fetal heart rate

A

110-160

44
Q

Severe fetal bradycardia is defined as

A

<90/min

45
Q

Fetal tachycardia is defined as

A

> 160/min

46
Q

Normal fetal heart rate variability

A

> 6 beats/min of beat-to-beat variability

47
Q

T/F Accelerations on FHR monitoring are indicative of fetal well-being

A

T

48
Q

Fetal head compression presents as ___ on FHR monitoring

A

Early decelerations

49
Q

T/F Early decelerations are associated with fetal compromise

A

F

50
Q

Variable decelerations on FHR monitoring are usually due to

A

Umbilical cord compression

51
Q

Variable decelerations are considered severe if

A

HR decreases to <60 bpm, ≥60 bpm from baseline, or lasts <60 seconds

52
Q

Variable decelerations with beat-to-beat variability suggest

A

Fetal compensation

53
Q

Late decelerations with beat-to-beat variability suggests

A

A sudden insult to a fetus that is able to compensate physiologically

54
Q

Late decelerations with decreased or absent beat-to-beat variability indicates

A

Fetal hypoxia from uteroplacental insufficiency

55
Q

Measurement of maternal AFP to screen for fetal disease is done when

A

Early 2nd trimester

56
Q

High MSAP detects

A

90% of NTDs, gastroschisis, omphaloceles, congenital nephrosis, multiple gestations

57
Q

Elevated MSAP in a structurally-normal fetus is a risk for fetal morbidity because

A

It reflects placental micr-abruptions or breaching of maternao-fetal barrier

58
Q

Low MSAP is associated with

A

Incorrect GA estimates, IUGR, Trisomy 21 and 18

59
Q

Triple test for Down Syndrome consists of ___ and is done in the 2nd trimester

A

BUM: MSAP, β-hcg, unconjugated estriol

60
Q

Quadruple test for Down Syndrome includes ___ on top of the ones done in Triple test and increases sensitivity

A

Inhibin A

61
Q

Combined test done in the first trimester for Down Syndrome consists of

A

PAPP, free β-hcg, fetal UTZ to look for nuchal translucency + Quadruple test in the 2nd trimester

62
Q

Definitive antenatal diagnostic test for Down Syndrome

A

Fetal karyotype in the 2nd trimester

63
Q

Amniocentesis is best done when

A

Mid-2nd trimester

64
Q

Effect of oxygen from the first breath to the lungs

A

Pulmonary vasodilation –> decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance

65
Q

T/F Foramen ovale remains open longer than the ductus arteriosus

A

T, BUT without flow

66
Q

An APGAR score of ___ at 5 minutes is considered normal

A

8-10

67
Q

If the APGAR score is less than ___ at the 5th minute of life, an extended score every ___ min is assigned until a score of ___ is reached

A

7, 5, 7

68
Q

T/F Majority of children with CP in later childhood have been found to have normal APGAR scores at birth

A

T, 2/3

69
Q

T/F A relatively low APGAR score does not necessarily indicate asphyxia in a preterm neonate

A

T, especially those born <28 weeks AOG

70
Q

Newborn deaths account for ___% of under-5 mortality rate

A

48

71
Q

MC among the primary causes of death in the neonate

A

Prematurity/LBW

72
Q

About half of newborn deaths take place when

A

First 48 hours of life

73
Q

Complications that can be prevented by discontinuing routine suctioning of the airways in newborns

A

Apnea, bradycardia, infection

74
Q

Newborn’s temp should be maintained between

A

36.5-37.5

75
Q

Measures done in the DR to prevent heat loss: Via evaporation

A

Immediate drying

76
Q

Measures done in the DR to prevent heat loss: Via conduction

A

Place baby on a warm surface or skin-to-skin contact with the mother

77
Q

Measures done in the DR to prevent heat loss: Via convection

A

Draught of cold air should be avoided

78
Q

Measures done in the DR to prevent heat loss: Via radiation

A

Maintain a warm environment of 25-28C

79
Q

Measures done in the DR to prevent heat loss: Via convection

A

Turning the air conditioner or fans off

80
Q

Immediate and thorough drying should be done for how long

A

At least 30 seconds

81
Q

Benefits of the vernix

A

Thermal protection and infection prevention

82
Q

Benefits of delayed cord clamping

A

1) Decreases severity of physiologic anemia 2) Increases venous hct 3) Decreases incidence of IVH in the preterm 4) Increases stores of iron

83
Q

Delayed cord clamping is defined as

A

Clamping between 1-3 minutes of life or until cord pulsations can longer be appreciated

FOP (1 decks)

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