The New Revolutionaries

Question 1

The first was a protest movement against the peace treaties which ended the Great War of 1914-1918. It began on 4 May 1919. It is known as ‘The _____ ______ Movement’.

Answer 1

May Fourth

Question 2

China had joined the Great War in 1917 on the side of the _____Allies. 900 000 Chinese laborers went to France,Turkey and Africa to work for the Allied armies in ‘Labour _______.’

Answer 2

Western

Batallions

Question 3

______ships at anchor in Chinese ports were seized and _______businesses were closed and confiscated.

Answer 3

German

Question 4

At the end of the war Chinese Representatives took part in the ____ Peace Conference. One of the issues under discussion was the future of Germany’s possessions in China, for until,1914, Germany had enjoyed special rights in the port of Kiaochow. At the start of the war the Japanese had ______ Kiaochow from the Germans.

Answer 4

Paris

Seized

Question 5

What did the Chinese expect the Japanese to return to them at the Paris Conference?(3)

Answer 5

• Port of Kiaochow
• Withdrawal of the 21 Demands
• End if the Unequal Treaties

Question 6

Did China get anything they asked for?Eleaborate?

Answer 6

No, they decided Japan could keep Kiaochow and it did nothing to end the unequal treaties.

Question 7

What happened in Beijing when news broke out about the Paris Conference?

Answer 7

10,000 Beijing students and school pupils organized a massive demonstration and the rebellion spread quickly around the country.

Question 8

The May Fourth movement added _____ to a revolution in ideas known as the New Tide which had begun in 1916.

Answer 8

Strength

Question 9

What was the New Tide?

Answer 9

It was aimed to get rid of old-fashioned ideas and to introduce modern ideas of freedom, equal rights and scientific progress. They also aimed to simplify China’s complex language so that the poor and uneducated could read about the new ideas.

Question 10

True or false
Even though the thinkers of the new tide wanted to end foreign rule in China, they were perfectly willing to use foreign ideas to achieve their aims.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

One set of foreign ideas that found its way into China was _____-movement begun by Karl Marx and his followers in the 19th Century, which aimed to create a classless society in which most property is commonly owned.

Answer 11

Communism

Question 12

In 1918 an assistant Liberian named Mao Zedong helped set up a society for the study of Marxism. The society’s meetings were well attended and in 1921 its members set up a Chinese ______ Party.

Answer 12

Communist

Question 13

What were the 3 principles of the Guomindang party?

Answer 13

• National Freedom
• Democratic Government
• The people’s livelihood

Question 14

What was the aim of Sun Yatsen?

Answer 14

To unite China under his leadership and make it into a republic free from foreign interference.

Question 15

To achieve his aims, Sun Yatsen needed _____help against the warlords who comtrolled so much of China. However the Western powers such as _____ refused to help him. He then went to the USSR who were communists at the time. The Russian government gave support to Sun by sending on of its most able diplomats Abram Joffe.

Answer 15

Foreign

Britain

Question 16

With Abram Joffe’s help, Sun reorganized the Guomindang on _____ Communist Lines. It became a mass party, run with strict discipline, with individuals having to show total obedience to party decisions.

Answer 16

Russian

Question 17

Sun then allowed members of the Chinese communist party to join because they had the same goal,_____, but different values.

Answer 17

Communism

Question 18

The Russian government sent two more agents, whose aim was to defeat the _____ and conquer the rest of China. He sold them _____ and set up a military academy.

Answer 18

Warlords

Rifles

Question 19

In 1925 Sun Yatsen died of _____. While the Guomindang leaders ______with each other for who should take his place Chiang Kaishek became commander in Chief of the Guomindang army.

Answer 19

Cancer

Argued

Question 20

By this time Chiang’s military academy at Huangpu had turned out _____trained officers, so he could now start conquering and unifying China.

Answer 20

500

Question 21

In July 1926 Chiang Kaishek began a march to the _____at the head of the Guomindang army. He sent out agents to get support among ordinary people by promising a ‘national revolution’ and a new order. Millions sick of warlord rule supported him.

Answer 21

North

Question 22

One of the Guomindang armies led by Communist officers quickly captured Hankow and set up a government there. Another army captured Nanjing. There was little fighting on the march to North and Chiang was surprised because it was easier than he expected. In some cases warlords has to _____ to him because their armies mutinied and joined the Guomindang.

Answer 22

Surrender

Question 23

In many areas poor peasants and workers welcomed Chiang’s armies because they believed the ______which promised better times ahead. And in areas where there was no enthusiasm for the Guomindang, Chiang did not hesitate to use cash to win support through _____.

Answer 23

Propaganda

Bribery

Question 24

Now that the communists and the Guomindang had extended their influence north and conquered all of southern China, the ______between them broke down.

Answer 24

Alliance

Question 25

As the Guomindang armies approached Shanghai and prepared to attack it, the workers of _______ rebelled against the the warlord who ruled the area. The rebellion was ruled by Communists. When Chiang arrived, they took over the streets of Shanghai, rounded up all the Communists and _____ them. He did the same in Guangzhou.

Answer 25

Shanghai

Killed

Question 26

After being expelled from the cities, the communists retreated to the ______ in Jiangxi and Hunan provinces. Chiang was now ready to conquer the rest of China.

Answer 26

Countryside