The Network Layer

Question 1

On a local area network or LAN, nodes can communicate with each other through

Answer 1

their physical MAC addresses

Question 2

8 Bits

Answer 2

Byte
a single octet
can represent all decimal numbers from 0 to 255

Question 3

Under the IP protocol, a packet is usually referred to as

Answer 3

an IP datagram.

Question 4

The two primary sections of an IP datagram are

Answer 4

the header and the payload.

Question 5

What happens to the TTL field of an IP datagram every time it reaches a router?

Answer 5

router decrements the TTL field by one.

Question 6

subnetting is the process of taking a

Answer 6

large network and splitting it up into many individual smaller subnetworks or subnets.

Question 7

A gateway router specifically

Answer 7

serves as the entry and exit path to a certain network.

Question 8

What does CIDR stand for?

Answer 8

Classless Inter-Domain Routing

Question 9

CIDR notation uses a

Answer 9

forward slash and then lists the numbers of bits in the subnet mask.

Question 10

How many octets does a subnet mask have?

Answer 10

4

Question 11

Who is permitted to use non-routable address space

Answer 11

Anyone

Question 12

ARP stands for

Answer 12

address resolution protocol

Question 13

The entirety of a packet at one layer becoming the payload section at another layer

Answer 13

encapsulation

Question 14

The process of taking a large network and splitting it up into many individual and smaller subnetworks is known as

Answer 14

subnetting

Question 15

A subnet ID is calculated via a

Answer 15

subnet mask

Question 16

A network device that knows how to forward data along to other networks is known as

Answer 16

router

Question 17

TTL

Answer 17

time to live

Question 18

interior gateway protocols are used by routers in order to share information within a single

Answer 18

autonomous system

Question 19

RFC stands for

Answer 19

Request for Comments

Question 20

Ranges of IP address that anyone can use for their internal networks are known as

Answer 20

non-routable address space

Question 21

The transport layer is responsible for

Answer 21

multiplexing and demultiplexing traffic, establishing long running connections and ensuring data integrity through error checking and data verification.

Question 22

Multiplexing in the transport layer means

Answer 22

that nodes on the network have the ability to direct traffic toward many different receiving services.

Question 23

Demultiplexing is the same concept, just at the

Answer 23

receiving end, it’s taking traffic that’s all aimed at the same node and delivering it to the proper receiving service.

Question 24

The transport layer handles

Answer 24

multiplexing and demultiplexing through ports.

Question 25

16-bit number that’s used to direct traffic to specific services running on a networked computer.

Answer 25

A port

Question 26

A server or service is

Answer 26

a program running on a computer waiting to be asked for data

Question 27

A client is another program

Answer 27

that is requesting this data.

Question 28

The destination port is the port

Answer 28

of the service the traffic is intended for,

Question 29

A TCP segment is made up of a TCP

Answer 29

header and a data section.

Question 30

sequence number. This is a 32-bit number that’s used

Answer 30

to keep track of where in a sequence of TCP segments this one is expected to be.

Question 31

The sequence number in a TCP header is used

Answer 31

to keep track of which segment out of many this particular segment might be.

Question 32

data offset field is a four-bit number that communicates

Answer 32

how long the TCP header for this segment is. This is so that the receiving network device understands where the actual data payload begins.

Question 33

a 16-bit number known as the TCP window. A TCP window specifies the range

Answer 33

of sequence numbers that might be sent before an acknowledgement is required.