The Nervous System, Neurones, Neurotransmission, Fight or Flight

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

PNS

Answer 2

• autonomic NS: sympathetic and parasympathetic, motor pathways
• somatic NS: control movement, sensory and motor pathways

Question 3

sensory neurones

Answer 3

• found in receptors such as the eyes, ears, tongue and skin
• carry nerve impulses to the spinal cord and brain.
• some neurons stop at the spinal cord, allowing for quick reflex actions.

Question 4

relay neurones

Answer 4

• between sensory input and motor output/response.
• relay neurons are found in the brain and spinal cord
• allow sensory and motor neurons to communicate

Question 5

motor neurones

Answer 5

• found in the central nervous system (CNS)
• control muscle movements
• stimulated to release neurotransmitters that bind to the receptors on muscles to trigger a response, which lead to movement.

Question 6

dendrites

Answer 6

receive signals from other neurons or from sensory receptor cells. The
dendrites are typically connected to the cell body,

Question 7

synaptic transmission

Answer 7

1. action potential travels down the axon
2. stimulates synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitters
3. cross synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on post-synaptic neurone
4. either inhibitory or exitatory

Question 8

summation

Answer 8

• more inhibitory neurotransmitters =post synaptic neurone less likely to fire
• more excitatory = more likely to fire

Question 9

physiological changes

Answer 9

increased: heart rate, breathing rate, pupil dilation, swat production, reduction of non-essential functions e.g. salivation, digestion etc.

Question 10

fight or flight response to acute stressors

Answer 10

amygdala: sends distress signal to > hypothalamus: activates SAM pathway to > SNS: stimulates the adrenal medulla > releases adrenaline and noradrenalin > physiological changes occur

Question 11

fight or flight response to chronic stressors