The Nervous System (Ch 11&12)

Question 1

What is the Nervous System (NS)?

Answer 1

The “control system” for our body. Responsible for all movements involved in speech production. A Normal functioning NS is required for normal speech.

Question 2

What is the Nervous System responsible for?

Answer 2

All movements involved in speech production.

Question 3

What does NS disruptions result in?

Answer 3

Abnormal speech and possibly language and cognitive disorders.

Question 4

How is the Nervous System divided?

Answer 4

The Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

Question 5

What is included in the CNS?

Answer 5

Brain and spinal cord

Question 6

How is the PNS divided?

Answer 6

Between the somatic system and the autonomic system.

Question 7

What is included in the somatic system?

Answer 7

The cranial and spinal nerves

Question 8

What is included in the autonomic system?

Answer 8

The sympathetic division (activating) and the parasympathetic division (dampening).

Question 9

What are Glial Cells made of?

Answer 9

connective tissue

Question 10

What are the four main functions of Glial Cells?

Answer 10

1. Surround neurons and hold them in place.
2. Supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons.
3. Insulate one neuron from another.
4. Destroy and remove dead neurons (waste).

Question 11

What are the four types of glial cells?

Answer 11

1. Astrocytes
2. Oligodendrocytes
3. Schwann cells
4. Microglia

Question 12

Describe Astrocytes and their function.

Answer 12

They are the most common type of glial cell and they connect blood and nerve cells.

Question 13

Describe where Oligodendrocytes are found and their function.

Answer 13

Type of glial cell found in the CNS. They form the myelin sheath (insulation layers that wrap around nerve cells).

Question 14

Describe where Schwann cells are found and their function.

Answer 14

Type of glial cell found in the PNS. Forms the myelin sheath.

Question 15

Describe where Microglia are found and their function.

Answer 15

Type of glial cell found in the CNS. They clean up waste and harmful organisms

Question 16

What are neurons and what do they do?

Answer 16

Specialized nerve cells that process and transmit info through electrical and chemical signals. They are the core component of the NS.

Question 17

What are the six main parts of a neuron structure?

Answer 17

Cell body (aka Soma), dendrites, Axon, Nodes of Ranvier, Terminal branches, terminal buttons.

Question 18

Describe the cell body (aka soma) of the neuron structure.

Answer 18

It’s made up of a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm.

Question 19

What are organelles (neuron structure)?

Answer 19

They are specialized microstructures located in the cytoplasm of the cell body.

Question 20

What are dendrites (neuron structure) and what do they do?

Answer 20

They’re short projections that branch off the cell body. They transmit nerve impulses TOWARDS the cell body.

Question 21

What are axons (neuron structure) and what do they do?

Answer 21

They extend off the cell body. Transmit nerve impulses AWAY from the cell body. The myelin sheath wraps around most axons.