The Nervous System and the Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Define the Nervous System:

A

Consists of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system producing a primary internal communication

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2
Q

What are the main two functions of the nervous system?

A
  • To collect, process and respond to information in the environment
  • To co-ordinate the working of different organs and cells
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3
Q

What are the main two components of the nervous system?

A
  • Peripheral Nervous System

- Central Nervous System

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4
Q

What are the sub-units of the central nervous system?

A
  • Brain

- Spinal cord

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5
Q

What are the sub-units of the peripheral nervous system?

A
  • Autonomic nervous system

- Somatic nervous system

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6
Q

What are the sub-units of the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • Sympathetic nervous system

- Parasympathetic nervous system

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7
Q

Define the central nervous system:

A
  • The brain is the centre of all conscious awareness. The brain’s outer layer, the cerebral cortex, is highly developed in humans
  • The brain is divided in two hemispheres
  • The spinal cord is an extension of the brain. It is responsible for reflex actions
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8
Q

Define the peripheral nervous system:

A

-Transmits messages via millions of neurons (nerve cells), to and from the central nervous system

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9
Q

Define the somatic nervous system:

A

-Controls muscle movement and receives information from sensory receptors

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10
Q

Define autonomic nervous system:

A

-Governs vital functions in the body such as breathing, heart rate, digestion, sexual arousal and stress responses

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11
Q

What does antagonistic mean?

A

-Work in opposition to each other

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12
Q

Define the endocrine system:

A
  • Instructs glands to release hormones directly into the bloodstream
  • hormones taken to targeted organs
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13
Q

What does the parasympathetic system do?

A

-Maintains and conserves body energy and functions

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14
Q

What does the sympathetic system do?

A

-Prepares the body to expend energy for fight or flight

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15
Q

Define gland:

A

An organ in the body that synthesis substances such as hormones

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16
Q

Define hormone:

A

Chemical substances that circulate in bloodstream and only affect targeted organs

17
Q

Define flight or fight:

A

An animal responds when stressed. Body becomes physiologically.

18
Q

What is the major endocrine gland?

A

Pituitary gland

19
Q

What does the pituitary gland?

A

Controls the release of hormones from all other endocrine glands

20
Q

What does the testes release?

A

Testosterone

21
Q

What does the ovaries release?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

22
Q

What does the adrenal glands release?

A

Adrenalin

23
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do during fight or flight?

A

Dilates pupils, inhibits saliva production, dilates bronchi, speeds up heart rate, inhibits digestion, stimulates glucose production, inhibits urination

24
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do during fight or flight?

A

Constricts pupils, stimulates saliva production, constricts bronchi, slows down heart rate, stimulates digestion, stimulates bile production, stimulates urination