the nervous system and endocrine system

Question 1

nervous system

Answer 1

consists of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous
system

Question 2

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 2

consists of the brain and the spinal cord and is the origin of all complex commands and decisions

Question 3

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 3

sends information to the CNS from the outside world, and transmits messages from the CNS to muscles and glands in the body

Question 4

somatic nervous system

Answer 4

transmits information from receptor cells in the sense organs to the CNS. It also receives information from the CNS that directs muscles to act

Question 5

autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

transmits information to and from internal bodily organs. It is ‘autonomic’ as the system operates involuntarily. It has two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Question 6

endocrine system

Answer 6

one of the body’s major information systems that instructs glands to release hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones are carried toward target organs in the body

Question 7

gland

Answer 7

an organ in the body that synthesises substances such as hormones

Question 8

hormones

Answer 8

chemical substances that circulate in the bloodstream and only affect target organs. They are produced in large quantities but disappear quickly. Their effects are very powerful

Question 9

fight or flight response

Answer 9

the way an individual responds when stressed. The body becomes physiologically aroused in readiness to either fight the aggressor or flee

Question 10

adrenaline

Answer 10

a hormone produced by the adrenal glands which is part of the human body’s immediate stress response system. Adrenaline has a strong effect on the cells of the cardiovascular system- stimulating the heart rate, contracting blood vessels and dilating air passages