The Nervous System Flashcards
In the CNS clusters of cell bodies are called…
Nuclei
In the PNS clusters of cell bodies are called…
Ganglia
Which part of the nervous system is encased in bone?
CNS
Which part of the nervous system is not encased in bone?
PNS
Name the structures of the brain from the forebrain to the spinal chord:
Telencephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon
Where is the CNS located?
Within the skull and spine
Where is the PNS located?
Outside the skull and spine
Name the two divisions of the CNS:
Brain
Spinal cord
Name the two divisions of the PNS:
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Name the two divisions of the Somatic NS:
Afferent nerves
Efferent nerves
Name the two divisions of the Autonomic NS:
Afferent nerves
Efferent nerves
Name the two divisions of the Efferent NS:
Sympathetic NS
Parasympathetic NS
What does the Autonomic NS do?
Regulates the body’s internal environment
Nerves that carry signals away from a structure are..
Efferent nerves
What does the Somatic NS do?
Interacts with the external environment
Name the four regions of the spine and spinal cord, from head to bottom:
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
What does the Sympathetic NS do?
- Increases heart rate
- stimulates adrenaline
- decreases salivation
Name the planes of the brain:
Horizontal Sagittal Midsagittal Coronal Cross-sections
Name the directions of the human nervous system
Anterior - Posterior
Dorsal - Ventral
Superior - Inferior
Medial - Lateral
Fissures and sulci are:
valleys
Gyri are:
peaks
Name the three types of Glial cells:
Schwann cells (PNS)
Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Astrocytes (PNS)
Three physical protections of the brain:
- Skull
- Meneges
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What is the blood-brain barrier?
Tightly packed cells along the blood vessel walls of the CNS; prevents entry of molecules
Name the parts of the Limbic system:
Amygdala Hippocampus Fornix Cingulate cortex Septum Mammillary bodies
Name the parts of the Basal ganglia:
Amygdala
Striatum (Caudate, Putamen)
Globus Pallidus
Sections of the Telencephalon:
Cerebral cortex Major fissures Major gyri Four lobes Limbic system Basal ganglia Cerebral commissures
Sections of the Diencephalon:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Optic chiasm
Pituitary gland
Sections of the Mesencephalon
Tectum
Tegmentum
Sections of the Metencephalon:
Reticular formation
Pons
Cerebellum
Sections of the Myelencephalon
Reticular formation
Three functions of neurons:
Reception
Conduction
Transmission
Phenotype refers to…
The visible expression of the information contained in a person’s genetic code (known as genotype).
What are the four nucleotide bases of DNA?
adenine
cytosine
guanine
thymine
Define heritability
statistic;
variability of differences in code;
at population level, not individual;
fraction of genetic variation over total variation
