the nervous system

Question 1

define coordination

Answer 1

the interaction of activities of a living being as per the needs of the body internally or externally is called coordination

Question 2

what are the types of coordination?

Answer 2

nervous coordination & chemical coordination

Question 3

how is nervous coordination brought about?

Answer 3

its brought about by the nervous system

Question 4

how is chemical coordination brought about?

Answer 4

its brought about by chemical messages called hormones

Question 5

give me an example of nervous coordination

Answer 5

when you feel hungry, you eat food.
the act of eating food involves some coordinated activities - eyes looking at the food, brain recording the information and passing it on, and so on and so forth

Question 6

give me an example of chemical coordination

Answer 6

if you are suddenly attacked by a bull in the street, you try to run away from it.
in this situation, some chemicals are released into your blood to provide you extra energy and strength to run

Question 7

the nervous system is made up of special cells called ___________ ___ or __________.

Answer 7

nerve cells, neurons

Question 8

a neuron is made up of two main parts. what are they?

Answer 8

1 - the cyton, which gives out a number of fine processes called dendrites
2 - the axon, the longest process from the cyton

Question 9

the ________ body contains a nucleus.

Answer 9

cell

Question 10

the ___________ are cytoplasmic extensions of the cell body. what do these do?

Answer 10

dendrites.
they receive messages as impulses from the organs and transmit them through the cell body into the axon, which transmits the message.

Question 11

the end of the axon terminates in a number of branches called _______________________.

Answer 11

terminal branches

Question 12

define a synapse

Answer 12

the terminal branches of the axon of one neuron lie very close to the dendrites of another neuron, and this point of contact is called a synapse

Question 13

it is at the ____________ that the message is transmitted from the axon of one neuron to the dendrites of the next

Answer 13

synapse

Question 14

what are the types of neurons?

Answer 14

sensory, motor, and association

Question 15

what do sensory neurons do?

Answer 15

carry impulses from sensory cells or sense organs to the spinal cord or brain

Question 16

what do motor neurons do?

Answer 16

carry messages from the brain or spinal cord to the effector (the gland or muscles)

Question 17

what do association neurons do?

Answer 17

lie in the spinal cord and transmit impulses between neurons

Question 18

define nerve

Answer 18

a nerve is formed of a bundle of axons enclosed in a tubular medullary sheath

Question 19

what does the sheath over the axon do?

Answer 19

it acts like an insulation and prevents mixing of impulses in the adjacent fibres

Question 20

what are the types of nerves?

Answer 20

sensory nerves, motor nerves, and mixed nerves

Question 21

what kind of neurons do sensory nerves carry?

Answer 21

sensory neurons

Question 22

what kind of neurons do motor nerves carry?

Answer 22

motor neurons

Question 23

what kind of neurons do mixed nerves carry?

Answer 23

both sensory and motor neurons

Question 24

give an example of a sensory nerve

Answer 24

optic nerve of the eye

Question 25

give an example of motor nerves

Answer 25

nerves of the muscle of the eyeball

Question 26

give an example of mixed nerves

Answer 26

the nerve that goes to the tongue

Question 27

the human nervous system consists of what two systems?

Answer 27

central and peripheral

Question 28

explain the central nervous system.

Answer 28

it consists of the brain and spinal cord the brain lies within the cranium the spinal cord lies within the vertebral column

Question 29

explain the peripheral nervous system

Answer 29

it consists of nerves passing to and from the central nervous system reaches out to all parts of the body

Question 30

what are the two subdivisions of peripheral nervous system?

Answer 30

somatic and autonomic

Question 31

on average, an adult human brain weighs about ____________.

Answer 31

1.5kg

Question 32

the brain is contained in, and protected by _____________________________________

Answer 32

a bony structure called the cranium

Question 33

the brain is further enclosed in three protective membranes collectively known as ____________.

Answer 33

meninges

Question 34

what are the meninges separated by?

Answer 34

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 35

the three parts of the brain

Answer 35

cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata

Question 36

explain the cerebrum

Answer 36

largest portion divided into cerebral hemispheres that are internally hollow outer surface is folded with ridges and grooves that increase the surface of the brain so as to accommodate a lot of neurons seat of intelligence, consciousness, and willpower. controls all voluntary activities

Question 37

the human cerebrum contains about ___________ neurons.

Answer 37

9 billion

Question 38

the cerebrum is the seat of ________________, consciousness, and ______________. it controls all the ___________ activities.

Answer 38

intelligence; will power; voluntary

Question 39

explain the cerebellum

Answer 39

under the cerebrum balances the body and coordinates muscular activities decides an action

Question 40

differentiate between the cerebrum and cerebellum (one point)

Answer 40

cerebrum - decides an action cerebellum - implements the action

Question 41

cerebellum gets affected by _________________. that is why, an _________ is unable to coordinate his muscular movements properly.

Answer 41

alcohol; alcoholic

Question 42

explain the medulla oblongata

Answer 42

lowest part of the brain continues down to the spinal cord controls the activities of the internal organs

Question 43

what are the consequences if the medulla oblongata is injured?

Answer 43

injury to the medulla may result in immediate death of a person

Question 44

the spinal cord extends from the __________ of the brain and runs down almost through the whole length of the ____________________.

Answer 44

medulla; backbone

Question 45

functions of the spinal cord?

Answer 45

control reflexes below neck, conduct messages from skin and muscles to the brain conducts commands from the brain to muscles of trunk and limbs

Question 46

the somatic nervous system consists of which two types of nerves and where do they arise from respectively?

Answer 46

cranial nerves from the brain, and spinal nerves from the spinal cord

Question 47

function of the somatic nervous system

Answer 47

relays sensations from the body to the central nervous system and sends out commands from the central nervous system to the voluntary muscles

Question 48

what are the parts of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 48

pair of chains of ganglia and nerves found on either side of the spinal cord

Question 49

function of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 49

acts unconsciously regulates involuntary actions of our internal organs like heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, pupillary response, etc

Question 50

subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 50

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Question 51

function of sympathetic nervous system

Answer 51

produces immediate fight-or-flight responses against abnormal conditions

Question 52

function of parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 52

reestablishes normal conditions