The Nervous System

Question 1

Which nerve fibers are myelinated?

Answer 1

All A nerve fibers

Question 2

Which nerve fibers are unmyelinated?

Answer 2

All C nerve fibers

Question 3

Large nerve fibers that are myelinated have _______ transmission

Answer 3

Faster

Question 4

Which nerve fibers are the fastest conductors

Answer 4

“A” nerve fibers

Question 5

Memory area in the brain that controls conscious action and fine tunes the subconscious

Answer 5

Cerebral cortex

Question 6

This part of the spinal cord houses the tracts that carries information to and from the brain via the ascending and descending tracts

Answer 6

White matter

Question 7

Part of the spinal cord where synapses occur

Answer 7

Gray matter

Question 8

What are the 2 inbound routes tracts in the spinal cord for sensory information

Answer 8

Dorsal column and anterolateral column

Question 9

What sensory information is taken through the dorsal column

Answer 9

Precision, vibration, and pressure

Question 10

What sensory information is taken through the anterolateral column

Answer 10

Pain, head, and itch

Question 11

Is cell charge usually positive or negative

Answer 11

Negative

Question 12

Where does depolarization occur?

Answer 12

Nodes of Raniver

Question 13

After depolarization when the cell membrane has not sufficiently repolarized to allow for another depolarization regardless of stimulus

Answer 13

Absolute refractory period

Question 14

After depolarization when repolarization is not complete but the minimum threshold for depolarization has been met

Answer 14

Relative refractory period

Question 15

The influx of what molecule causes depolarization

Answer 15

Sodium

Question 16

Primary excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 16

Glutamate

Question 17

Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter

Answer 17

Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 18

Cation channels are opened by what type of neurotransmitter and allow the movement of what type of ions?

Answer 18

Excitatory; positive

Question 19

Anion channels are opened by what type of neurotransmitter and allow the movement for what type of ion?

Answer 19

Inhibitory; negative

Question 20

This type of receptor is one by an electrical signal

Answer 20

Voltage-gated

Question 21

This type of receptor is opened by the binding of a substance

Answer 21

Ligand-gated

Question 22

This type of receptor moves to activate a 2nd messenger after its initial activation (can be ligand or voltage)

Answer 22

G-protein coupled receptor

Question 23

Increased stimulation by a NT or chronic block cause additional receptors to form on the post-synaptic membrane (often referred to as a tolerance with meds)

Answer 23

Upregulation

Question 24

This can occur to receptor when they stay open or overactive causing fatigue

Answer 24

Receptor overstimulation

Question 25

What subunits does ACh bind in the neuromuscular junction

Answer 25

2 alpha subunits

Question 26

What breaks down ACh

Answer 26

Aceyltcholinesterase

Question 27

What genetic abnormality occurs in the NMJ s/t the over release of Ca by the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 27

Malignant hyperthermia

Question 28

Where is sensory information primarily processed

Answer 28

Parietal lobe (thalamus)

Question 29

Where does sensory information enter the spinal column

Answer 29

Dorsal horns

Question 30

What is the excitatory NT is the spinal cord

Answer 30

Glutamate

Question 31

What NTs are secreted to block pain signals

Answer 31

Serotonin and enkephalin

Question 32

Overwhelming of inhibition pathways/chemically mediated enhancement of pain pathways aka pain is greater than expected

Answer 32

Hyperglasia