The Nervous System (1)

Question 1

Seven regulatory function of PNS:

Answer 1

1. Slowing the ❤️ rate
2. Increasing gastric secretion
3. Emptying the bladder
4. Emptying the bowel
5. Focusing the eye for near vision
6. Constricting the pupil
7. Contracting the bronchial smooth muscle

Question 2

Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) drugs

Answer 2

▫️digestion of food
▫️excretion of waste
▫️control of vision
▫️ conservation of energy

Question 3

Receptors of the peripheral nervous system:

Answer 3

🔸cholinergic receptors (mediated by ACh)

🔸adrenergic receptors (mediated by epinephrine & norepinephrine

Question 4

Functions of cholinergic receptor subtypes:

Answer 4

▫️activation of nicotinic receptors

▫️ activation of muscarinic receptors

Question 5

Is a drug that mimic the effects of neurotransmitters naturally found in the human brain.

Answer 5

Agonist drugs (cholinergic Agonist)

Question 6

In contrast to agonist drugs which binds to the neurotransmitters in the brain, it do the opposite: block the brain’s neurotransmitters

Answer 6

Antagonist Drugs (Anticholinergic drugs)

Question 7

Receptors are present in skeletal muscle contraction - Main function in the body

Answer 7

Nicotinic receptor

Question 8

A receptor blocker that Stops/inhibit skeletal muscle contraction

Answer 8

Nicotinic receptor blocker (Nicotinic Antagonist)

Question 9

Principal structures affected by muscarinic activation:

Answer 9

▫️heart : bradycardia
▫️exocrine Glands: increase sweating, salivation, bronchial secretion, and secretion of gastric acid
▫️smooth muscles:
-contraction in lung (constriction)
- GI tract (increase tone/motility)
- bladder (contraction of detrusor)
- vascular (relaxation, vasodilation, hypotension)
- Eye (pupillary constriction and ciliary contraction)

Question 10

Muscarinic receptors agonist uses?

Answer 10

▫️dry mouth
▫️ urinary retention (people on surgery, giving this med to contract detrusor muscle to aid urination)
▫️ digestion aid (gastric ulcer, stool is blk and urine pink, or pt. Spitting blood looks coffe blk colour)

Question 11

Drugs that stimulates the PSNS are called: ____

Drugs that inhibit the PSNS are called: ______

Answer 11

▫️ cholinergics (cholinergic agonist, muscarinic agonist, nicotinic agonist)

▫️ anticholinergics (can also be muscarinic or nicotinic antagonist)

Question 12

Drug mostly given in post-op urinary retention

Adverse effects: salivation, sweating, abdominal cramping, and hypotension
🔺contraindicated with stomach ulcer, asthmatic or some type of resp. Issues.

Answer 12

Bethanechol (

Question 13

Antidote to cholinergic toxicity, increase ❤️ rate, dilation during eye examination.
It’s adverse effect: dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention and tachycardia

Answer 13

Atropine

Question 14

Is a muscarinic antagonist and acts by blocking the muscarinic receptors and is thus classified as anticholinergic.

Use: for treatment of excessive salivation, bradycardia and motion sickness.

Answer 14

Drug: scopolamine (buscopan, hyoscrine)

Question 15

Activation of the nicotinic ACh receptors causes:

Answer 15

▫️tachycardia
▫️hypertension
▫️increased tone and motility in digestive tract

Question 16

first drugs to treat hypertension?

🔹known as ganglionic blockers - to produce relaxation during surgical procedure

Answer 16

nicotinic receptor blocker