The Neck Flashcards
Which ligament connects to the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone?
The stylohyoid ligament
Where is the hyoid bone located?
It is located directly below the tongue and supports it for vocalization and articulation.
Located between the mandible and the larynx at the level of C3
Causes of cervical pain
Inflamed lymph nodes
Muscle strain
Protruding IV discs
Most commonly caused by boney abnormalities or trauma.
What can fractures and dislocations of the cervical vertebrae lead to?
May injure the spinal cord, vertebral arteries and sympathetic plexuses passing through the foramina transversarii.
Fracture of the hyoid bone…
Occurs in those who are manually strangled.
Makes swallowing difficult
Makes it difficult to separate the alimentary and respiratory tracts
May result in aspiration pneumonia
What will you find deep to SCM?
The external jugular vein
What will you find in the occipital triangle?
Cervical lymph nodes
Trunks of the brachioplexus
What will you find in the omoclavicular triangle?
Subclavian artery
(Sometimes) subclavian vein
Suprascapular artery
Supraclavicular lymph nodes
What will you find in the submandibular triangle?
Submandibular lymph nodes
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Facial artery and vein
What will you find in the submental triangle?
Submental lymph nodes
What will you find in the carotid triangle?
Internal jugular notch Vagus Nerve (CN X) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) Thyroid gland Larynx Pharynx Deep cervical lymph nodes Common carotid sheath, artery and branches
What will you find in the muscular triangle?
Thyroid muscles and parathyroid glands
What makes up common carotid sheath?
BTW: common carotid sheath is fascia (fibrous tissue)
Carotid arteries Internal jugular vein Vagus nerve (CN X) Deep cervical lymph nodes Sympathetic nerve fibers
Where does the external carotid artery become the superficial temporal artery?
Behind the neck of the mandible
What is the carotid sinus?
Nerve innervations?
What type of receptor is it?
It is a slight dilation of the internal carotid artery
It is innervated mainly by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) Vagus nerve (CN X)
It is a baroreceptor that is stimulated by changes in arterial blood pressure
Where is the carotid body?
Nerve innervations?
What type of receptor is it?
Lies on the medial side of the bifurcation of the common carotid
Innervated by carotid sinus nerve (made up of CN IX and CN X)
It is a chemoreceptor that responds to changes in oxygen level (it imitates a reflex that increases rate and depth of respiration, cardiac rate and blood pressure when oxygen levels are low
Path of the subclavian veins
The subclavian veins run DEEP to the clavicle and superiorly to the aorta and arteries
The left subclavian is involved with lymph drainage from the thoracic duct
What is the function of the thyroid gland?
Basic function is the production of hormones T3, T4 and calcitonin
External landmark of the jugular notch:
T2 & T3
Level of thyroid cartilage:
C4 & C5
Level of cricoid cartilage:
C6 & C7
Which muscles do the brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass between?
The middle and anterior scalene muscles
What is the path and function of the vagus nerve (CN X)?
It runs posteriorly to the common carotid and internal jugular vein.
It runs b/w the internal jugular vein and internal carotid artery
On the left, it wraps underneath the aorta and on the right, it wraps under the right subclavian…these form the recurrent laryngeal nerves which innervate the larynx to initiate speech.
The vagus nerve runs posteriorly to the mainstem bronchi.
Helps to regulate heartbeat, breathing, speech, sweating, stuff with food and digestion
What is the path and function of the phrenic nerve?
The phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm for breathing
Formed from spinal nerve roots C3, C4, C5 (keeps you alive)
Comes from the superior lateral border of the anterior scalene at the level of the thyroid cartilage (C4, C5)
Descends with the internal jugular vein in an oblique course
It ends near the thorax and lies posterior to the subclavian vein and anterior to the subclavian artery.
