The Nazi regime Flashcards
Who opposed the Nazi regime?
Religious opposition
Opposition among the young
Military opposition
Political opposition
What was the Concordat of 1933?
The Catholic Church agreed not to interfere in Nazi policies, in return for the Nazis agreeing not to interfere in religion
Who broke the Concordat of 1933?
Hitler, and the Nazis were denounced as anti-christian by the Pope
Who was Pastor Neimoller?
He spoke out against the Nazis and spent eight year in a concentration camp for forming a rival church to the Nazi Reich church
What did Bishop Galen speak out against?
Euthanasia, forced sterilisation and concentration camps
Why were members of the “Swing movement” condemned by the Nazis?
They were interested in British and American popular music and dance, including banned jazz music
They also accepted Jews into their groups
What did the Edelweiss Pirates do agains the Nazis?
They mocked the Nazis through song, attacked members of the Hitler Youth, distributed broadsheets and scrawled graffiti on walls
During the war they spread anti-nazi propaganda in 1944 took part in an attack on the Gestapo during which an officer was killed.
What happened to the Edelweiss Pirates?
12 Pirates were publicly hanged in November 1944
Who were the White Rose Group formed by?
University students in Munich
Who were the leaders of the White Rose Group?
Hans and Sophie Scholl
What happened to the leaders of the White Rose Group?
They were executed in 1943 for anti-Nazi activities
What was the “July Bomb Plot”?
In 1944 a group of senior army officers planned to assassinate Hitler. It failed and led to 5000 executions
What political opposition did Hitler have after 1933?
The Enabling Act had given hitler power to ban all political parties
Many socialists and communists fled the country
Who was the SS lead by?
Heinrich Himmler
What power did the SS have?
They were able to arrest, detain without charge, interrogate, search and confiscate property
What were the SS responsible for?
Running the concentration camps
Implementing Nazi racial policies including the Final Solution
Who the Gestapo under the general control of?
The SS
What did the Gestapo do?
They spied on Germans by tapping telephones, intercepting mail and accessing information through a network of informers which made it unsafe for anyone to express anti-Nazi views
Who was sent to concentration camps?
The enemies of the Nazis
Gypsies
Beggars
Tramps
What were the concentration camps used for in the Final Solution?
The extermination of the Jewish population
How did the courts and judges help to get rid of Nazi opposition?
Judges had to take an oath of loyalty to Hitler
Jewish judges and lawyers were sacked
Capital offences were increased - Telling anti-Nazi jokes and listening to a foreign radio station was punishable by the death sentence
Who was the minister for propaganda?
Josef Goebbels
How did the Nazis use media to control the people?
All newspapers were under Nazi control
Stories favourable to the Nazis were only allowed
Nazi flags and posters were everywhere
Took over film industry, ensuring that what was presented reflected Nazi ideals and values
What was radio used to control the people?
All radio stations were brought under nazi control
Cheap radios were made available, which were unable to receive foreign broadcasts
Radios were installed in cafes, bars and factories, while loudspeakers were positioned in the streets so that important announcement and hItler’s speeches could be heard by everyone
What rallies were organised?
Mass rallies which included marches, torchlit processions, speeches and pageantry were organised
What were the Nuremberg rallies?
This was an annual rally that emphasised power, control and order
They also brought colour and excitement into people’s lives
At these rallies people could hear the extraordinary speaking abilities of Hitler
How did the Nazis use culture to control people?
All areas of culture were Nazified
This made it impossible to hear and read non-Nazi views
Literature, art and theatre were affected
Public book burning occurred to destroy unacceptable views and the work of Jews