The Nature And Variety Of Organisms Flashcards
What eight characteristics do all living organisms share?
Movement
Respiration
Grow and develop
Respond
Excretion
Nutrition
Control
What is a eukaryotic cell?
Complex, include all animal, fungi and plant cells
What is a prokaryotic cell?
Smaller and simpler, e.g.bacteria
What is an organelle
Tiny structures within cells which you can only see with a powerful microscope
What organelles are found in an animal cell?
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
What organelles are in Plant cells?
All the same as animal cell plus…
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Vacuole
What is the xylem tissue for
For transporting water and mineral salts
What is the phloem tissue for
For transporting sucrose and amino acids
What are red blood cells specialised for
Carrying oxygen
What are white blood cells specialised for
Defending the body against disease
What is cell differentiation
Process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
What are the features of Plants
Multicellular
Have chloroplasts meaning they can photosynthesise
Cells have cell walls which are made of cellulose
Store carbohydrates as sucrose or starch
E.g. cereals(maize), herbaceous legumes(peas and beans)
What are the features of Animals
Multicellular
Don’t have chloroplasts so can’t photosynthesise
Cells don’t have cell walls
Most have nervous coordination meaning they can respond rapidly to changes in their environment
Can usually move around from one place to another
Often store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen
E.g. mammals(humans), insects(houseflies and mosquitoes)
What are the features of Fungi
Some are single-celled
Others have a body called mycelium which is made up of hyphae(thread like structures), the hyphae contain a lot of nuclei
Can’t photosynthesise
Cells have cell walls made of chitin
Most feed by saprotrophic nutrition
Can store carbohydrates as glycogen
E.g. yeast(single celled fungus), mucor(multicellular and has a mycelium and hyphae).
What are the features of Fungi
Some are single-celled
Others have a body called mycelium which is made up of hyphae(thread like structures), the hyphae contain a lot of nuclei
Can’t photosynthesise
Cells have cell walls made of chitin
Most feed by saprotrophic nutrition
Can store carbohydrates as glycogen
E.g. yeast(single celled fungus), mucor(multicellular and has a mycelium and hyphae).
What are the features of protoctist?
Single cells and microscopic
Some have chloroplasts and are similar to plant cells
Others are more like animal cells
E.g. chlorella(plant cell like), amoeba (animal cell like-lives in pond water)
What are the features of bacteria?
Also singled celled and microspcopic
Don’t have a nucleus
Have a circular chromosome of DNA
Some can photosynthesise
Most bacteria feed off other organisms- both living and dead
E.g.lactobacillus bulgaricus- can be used to make milk go sour and turn into yoghurt,
Pneumococcus(spherical)
