The Nature And Variety Of Living Organisms

Question 1

What characteristics do living organisms share

Answer 1

M-movement
R-respiration
S-sensitivity

H-homeostasis

G-growth
R-reproduction
E-excretion
N-(require)nutrition

Question 2

Common features of plants
(And two examples)

Answer 2

-multicellular
- contain chloroplasts
-photosynthesise
cellulose cell wall
-store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose
(e.g. maize/peas)

Question 3

Common features of animals
(Give two examples)

Answer 3

-multicellular
-nervous coordination
-store carbohydrates as glycogen
(e.g. mammals/insects)

Question 4

Common features of fungi
(Give an example of single called AND multicellular)

Answer 4

-CANNOT PHOTOSYNTHESISE
-body is usually organized into a mycelium made from thread-like hyphae, which contain multiple nuclei; -some however are single-celled,
-cell walls are made of chitin
-feed by sapotrophic nutrition
-MAY store carboyhdrate as glycogen
Multicellular example: (mucor)
single celled example:(yeast)

Question 5

What is saprotrophic nutrition

Answer 5

Extra cellular secretion of digestive enzymes onto food material and absorption of the organic products

Question 6

Common features of protoctists
(Give an example for:animal cell-like,plant cell-like and pathogenic )

Answer 6

microscopic
-single-celled
-some have animal cell-like features (e.g. amoeba)
-some have plant cell-like features (e.g.chlorella)
-can be pathogenic (plasmodium)

Question 7

Features of prokaryotes

Answer 7

-much smaller than eukaryotic cells
-are always single-celled
-do not contain membrane-bound nuclei

Question 8

Commmon features of bacteria

Answer 8

-microscopic
-single-celled organisms
-cell wall (peptidoglycan)
-cell membrane,cytoplasm and plasmids
-lack a nucleus but contain a circular chromosome of DNA
-some carry out photosynthesis but most feed of living/dead organisms

Question 9

Give two examples of bacteria and what they do

Answer 9

lactobacillus-a rod shaped bacterium used in production of yogurt from milk

pneumococcus- a spherical bacterium that acts as the pathogen causing pnumonia

Question 10

What is a pathogen

Answer 10

A microorganism that causes disease

Question 11

A pathogen may be…

Answer 11

Fungi
Bacteria
Protoctists
Viruses

Question 12

Features of viruses

Answer 12

-not living
-particles that are smaller than bacteria
-parasitic
-can only reproduce inside living cells
-they infect ANY living organism
-no cellular structure but has a protein coat and contain either RNA or DNA

Question 13

Three examples of viruses and what they do

Answer 13

-Influenza virus(causes flu)
-tobacco mosaic virus(causes discolouring of the leaves of tobacco plants by preventing the formation of chloroplasts)
-HIV(causes AIDS)