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Cab 4 SAIT Theory Final review Tests 1 - 5 + Nature and properties of wood > The Nature and Properties of Wood > Flashcards

The Nature and Properties of Wood Flashcards

1
Q

Are Hardwood or Softwood Considered Deciduous?

A

Hardwoods

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2
Q

Trees also identified as angiosperms?

A

Deciduous

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3
Q

What does angiosperms mean?

A

There seeds are covered

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4
Q

The Term Hardwood refers to a?

A

Biological Grouping

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5
Q

Hard woods are all not hard T or F

A

T

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6
Q

Ash, Oak and Maple are examples of Hardwoods or Softwoods?

A

Hardwoods

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7
Q

What is true about a hardwood trees structure?

A

They have a Dendritic structure which means that the main stem branches and debranches, continuously sub diving

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8
Q

General Characteristics of Hardwood trees?

A
  • Broad leaves in various shapes and sizes
  • Shed leaves in the fall at the end of each growing season
  • Generally hard and durable, used for fine furniture
  • Medullary ray cells can often be seen and the wood is closer grained than softwoods.
  • Branches are larger than softwoods
    -Tend to grow in warmer climates
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9
Q

Coniferous trees are hardwood or softwood trees?

A

Softwood

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10
Q

Also known as Gymnosperms?

A

Coniferous Trees

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11
Q

What does Gymnosperms mean?

A

Needle Bearing

Naked needle

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12
Q

Example of Softwoods?

A

Spruce
Fir
Pine

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13
Q

What does Excurrent structurein a tree refer to?

A

There is one main central stem with many smaller branches sticking out to the side

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14
Q

What kind of trees have an Excurrent structure

A

Coniferous trees Softwoods

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15
Q

Characteristics of softwoods?

A
  • They have thin, round or semi flat needle-type leaves, bearing cones in which the seeds germinate and grow.
  • Typically used in rough construction (Framing lumber)
  • Medullary ray cells are invisible
  • Frequently have dead knots and resin pockets
  • Tend to grow in colder climates
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16
Q

Wood typically used in rough construction (Framing lumber)

A

Softwoods (Coniferous)

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17
Q

When strength is the main consideration it pays to choose a wood with a high?

A

Strength to weight ratio

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18
Q

Good indicator of a woods strength to weight ratio?

A

Density of Specific Gravity

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19
Q

If a given volume of a particular wood weighs the same amount as an identical volume of water, it is said to have a specific gravity of?

A

1.0

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20
Q

If a piece of wood weighs 60% of an identical volume of water it is said to have a Specific Gravity of?

A

0.6

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21
Q

Standard test for hardness?

A

Janka Hardness Test

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22
Q

__________ grain wood forms a more durable joint then ________ grain wood

A

Open grained wood forms a more durable joint than
Close grained woods

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23
Q

Compressive strength refers to?

A

load bearing capacity

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24
Q

Tensile strength refers to?

A

Resistance of the wood to forces trying to stretch it parallel to the grain

Wood is stronger in tension Parallel to the grain

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25
Q

What is the measurement that measures the ability of the wood to resist internal slipping parallel to the grain if one part is loaded more than another

A

Sheer resistance

26
Q

What are the arrows pointing to top to bottom?

A

Cambium
Inner Bark
Outer Bark
Heartwood
Pith
Sapwood
Medullary Rays

27
Q

Inner bark (Bast) layers job?

A

Transports food to the leaves downward from the leaves downward to the branches, trunk and roots

28
Q

What is the cambium layer of a tree situated between?

A

Sapwood and inner bark where new growth occurs

29
Q

Describe cells created on the inside and outer layer of the cambium

A

During the growing season, new sapwood cells(Xylem) are created on the inner side of this layer.
While new inner bark bast (Phloem cells) are created on the outside of the cambium layer

30
Q

Outer portion of a tree trunk is

A

Sap Wood

31
Q

What is the function of sapwood?

A

Acts as a conductor of sap up to the leaves and branches of the tree

32
Q

Sap wood is an active layer where?

A

Food is stored and absorbed

33
Q

Heartwood is typically lighter than sapwood T or F

A

F Sapwood is almost always going to be lighter

34
Q

Inner portion of a tree trunk is called?

A

Heartwood

35
Q

Heartwood gives what to a tree?

A

Stiffness and stability

36
Q

In Heartwood the wood cells cease to conduct sap and they become darker in color from the infiltration of ?

A

Also known as Extractives
Gums
Resins
Oils
Tannin

37
Q

Part of a tree more resistant to decay and insects

A

Heartwood

38
Q

Furniture makers and veneer producers prize what part of the tree?

A

Heartwood

39
Q

Hollow cells shaped like tiny tubes with close pointed ends? what is there function?

A

Tracheid’s
Fluid is transferred from one Tracheid to another through tiny opening in the side where the tracheid’s overlap

40
Q

The tubes of Tracheid cells are largely made of?

A

Cellulous

41
Q

Tubes or cells of Tracheid’s are cemented together with a material called

A

Lignin

42
Q

Up to 95% of the cells in Tracheid’s are?

A

Softwoods

43
Q

Runs horizontally, radiating out from the pith area towards the outside of the trunk?

A

Medullary Rays

44
Q

Function of medullary rays

A

Stores and transfers food throughout the tree

45
Q

Cant be seen in many softwoods but easier to see in hardwoods?

A

Medullary rays

46
Q

Wood is comprised of ?

A

Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Lignin
Extractives

47
Q

Chemical compound that gives wood its color, smell and oiliness or grittiness?

A

Extractives

48
Q

Highly polymerized and complex chemical compound common in woody plants?

A

Lignin

49
Q

If a board is Plain or Flat sawn the face grain is _______ and the edge grain is _______

A

Tangent
Radial

50
Q

If a board is Quarter sawn the face grain is ?

A

Radial and edge grain is tangential

51
Q

If a board is not clearly tangential or radial is is called?

A

Rift Sawn

52
Q

What wood type of Sawn wood are the arrows pointing to left to right

A

Quarter sawn
Plain or Flat Sawn
Rift Sawn

53
Q

Example of ring porous wood

A

Oak and Ash

54
Q

What causes a woolly fuzzy surface?

A

Wood is machined with to high a moisture content

55
Q

What kind of figure is this

A

Ribbon figure

56
Q

What kind of figure is this

A

Curly or fiddleback Figure

57
Q

What kind of figure is this

A

Stump

58
Q

What kind of figure is this

A

Crotch

59
Q

What kind of figure is this

A

Burl

60
Q

What kind of figure is this

A

Birds eye

61
Q

What kind of figure is this

A

Ray fleck or Flake figure (Left)
Rift Figure (Right)

62
Q

What kind of figure is this

A

Flame

Cab 4 SAIT Theory Final review Tests 1 - 5 + Nature and properties of wood (6 decks)

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